三峡库区柑橘种植规模与果园管理的关系分析

利用对库区1982年分户经营前后的30个柑橘园经营管理状况的追踪调查资料,根据经济学一般原理进行种植规模与果园管理的关系分析。在实行土地承包制的过程中,柑橘园不是按照一个整体承包给一个或几个农户进行专业化管理,而是将柑橘园作为一种集体福利“分树到户”。随着柑橘园的经营规模由大变小,当低于“最小必要规模”时,经营状况将发生质的变化。而“最小必要规模”是动态变化的,在1985年前后,户均333.3m2左右的柑橘园可以勉强维持,1987年上升到户均466.7m2以上,1994年上升到666.7m2以上,而户均1000m2以上的柑橘园可以维持到现在。调查、分析表明,种植规模是影响柑橘生产的最关键的因素,目前在三峡库区,1086.7m2以上的果园才能维持正常的生产经营活动。

Relationship between Citrus Orchard Scale and Management in Three Gorges Area

Through carrying on the tracing investigation to 30 household citrus orchard management conditions around Three Gorges Reservoir area from 1982, we carried on the relationship analysis between the planting scale and the orchard management. In the process of implementing household-based contract system, the citrus orchard did not contracted out to one or several peasant households for the specialized management,but was taken as one kind of welfare to "minute tree to household", according to equal distribution handling collective property principle. With the citrus orchard and the management scale becoming smaller,the management had a qualitative deterioration when the management scale was lower than "the smallest essential scale". The analysis result indicated that "the smallest essential scale" is dynamic. The average area 333.3 m2 per household citrus garden might maintain reluctantly around 1985. But the output dropped and it was difficult to maintain this scale along with the country dweller income decreasing and the living standard improvement. The scale rose up to 466.7 m2 in 1987 per household, and 666.7 m2 above in 1994,but the citrus garden 1 000 m2 above per household may maintain to the present. With time passing,the citrus fruits production management technology had made a big progress, but small scale of citrus orchard was still inevitably deteriorated indicating the planting scale was the most essential factor that affected the citrus fruits production. We carried on the analysis about the citrus fruits production cost and the income, according to the economic general principle and induced that orchard which had the citrus planting scale about 1 086.7 m2 above could get a long-time survival in Three Gorges Reservoir area.