论生态食物链在小流域治理开发中的应用

生态食物链反映了生物界互相依存、互相制约的关系。对小流域(经济沟)治理意义最大的是“粮-人”食物链、“草-畜”食物链、“地-商”食物链。增强主导食物链运行强度的“加减公式原理”,扩大粮食来源的“加加公式原理”,扩大肉、蛋、奶转化的“新金字塔原理”,调整生态食物链内外循环的“能流、物流平衡与价值流不平衡原理”,是小流域(经济沟)建设的生物学基础。为使开发治理具有活力,充满稳定和有序,必须解决“粪-土短路”问题,“粮食功能转化”不力问题,主导食物链运行强度减弱问题,土地投入产出比例失调问题,“地-商”食物链受阻问题。

ON THE ROLES OF ECOLOGICAL FOOD CHAIN IN THE DEVELOPING AND RECLAIMING OF SMALL WATERSHED

The ecological food chains are the comprehensive reflection of mutual dependence and interaction among the various components of the nature. The food chains of "food-man" , "straw-domestic animals" and "land-commodity" are the most important in reclaiming small watersheds. The principle of "plus and minus" to enhance the running intensity of dominant food chain, the principle of "plus and plus" to increase foodsources, the principle of "new pyramid" to stimulate the transform of crop into meat, egg and milk, and the principle of balance between energy flux and matter flux and imbalance among the value fluxes to adjust the circulation of food chains are the biological foundation of the establishment of small watershed (Ecological Economic Valley). In order to make the deTeloping and reclaiming of small watershed more vigorous, m-ore stable and more orderly, the problems of "excrement-soil circuit" , "the low inefficiency of food function change" , "the imbalance of the proportion of invest to production of land" and "the blockage of land-c ommodity food chain" must be settled.