中国特有小麦资源主要遗传性状评价与利用

研究了我国特有的西藏、新疆、云南小麦和西藏半野生小麦57份材料。根尖染色体观察;2n=42,具有2对随体染色体。花粉母细胞观察:云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦减数分裂过程仍处于相对不稳定状态。酯酶同工酶分析表明:存在组织特异性。聚类分析结果:云南和西藏半野生小麦亲缘关系相近,同属一种类型;新疆小麦具有独特的进化途径。利用其与黑麦杂交,鉴评了可杂交性基因型,西藏半野生小麦三个变种T_(494)(Var.zhassi H.M.G.),T_(511-1)(Var.sangrium H.M.G.)T_(473)(Var.yayunum H.M.G.)与黑麦杂交结实率比中国春小麦与黑麦的杂交结实率还高,推测基因型为kr_1 kr_1 kr_2 kr_2。西藏半野生小麦与黑麦杂种F_1花粉母细胞中期Ⅰ的染色体交叉数超过中国春小麦杂种F_1,推测T_(445-3),T_(499-2),T_(488),T_(511-1)等西藏半野生小麦可能有ph_2基因。

EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION OF MAJOR CHARACTERS OF CHINESE UNIQUE WHEAT GERMPLASM RESOURCES

57 accessions of Chinese unique wheat germplasm from Tibet, Xinjiang. Yunnan and semi-wild wheat from Tibet have been evaluated. Cytological observation on root tip cells showed that all Tibet wheat, Yunnan wheat, Xinjiang wheat and Tibet semi-wild wheat had chromosome number of 2n= 42 and two pairs of satellite chromosome. The meiosis processes of pollen mother cells (PMC) from Yunnan wheat and Tibet wheat were found to be relatively unstable. Its esterase isozyme is tissue specificity. Cluster analysis illustrated that Yunnan wheat and Tibet semi-wild wheat were genetical close related and belong to the same taxonomical group, while Xinjiang wheat was an unique taxonomical group. Tibet semi-wild wheat has high crossability with rye. The seed set rates of Tibet semi-wild wheat varieties T494, T511-1 and T473 crossed with rye were higher than that of Chinese spring wheat crossed with rye, suggesting the genotype of above varieties was kr1kr1kr2kr2. The chromosome cross number of PMC at meta-phase I of F1 hybrid between Tibet semi-wild wheat and rye was higer than those of F1 hybrids between Chinese spring wheat and rye, suggesting varieties T445-3, T498-2, T488, T511-1 might have similar ph2 gene.