水稻光周期调控开花的研究进展

水稻抽穗期作为重要的农艺性状,由自身遗传因素和环境因素共同决定,对品种生态适应区域和产量因子均有较大影响。过去的二十年里,从叶片的日长识别到茎尖分生组织的成花激活,水稻光周期诱导抽穗开花分子调控机理已取得较大进展,分离并克隆大量与成花相关的调控基因,并整合到光周期调控分子网络中。当植物处于有利条件时,该网络激活成花调控基因,促进成花素表达,将成花素运输至顶端分生组织,从而驱动分生组织细胞发育,最终成花。本文以拟南芥为对照参考,对水稻光周期调控网络及由低纬度地区向高纬度地区扩展遗传变异进行讨论,以期为生态型品种培育和光周期调控成花分子机理研究提供参考。

Research Progress of Photoperiod Regulation in Rice Flowering

As an important agronomic trait, heading date is determined by its own genetic factors and environmental factors, which has a great impact on the ecological adaptation area and yield factors of rice variety. In the past two decades, from the recognition of day length to the activation of flowering in the stem apex meristem, great progress has been made in the molecular regulation mechanism of rice photoperiod-induced flowering. A large number of regulatory genes related to flowering have been isolated and cloned, and integrated into the molecular network of photoperiod regulation. When plants are in favorable conditions, this network activates floral regulatory genes, promotes the expression of florigen gene, and transports florigen to the apical meristem, thus driving the development of meristem cells and forming flowers finally. In this paper, Arabidopsis thaliana is used as a reference to discuss the genetic variation of rice photoperiod regulation network and its extension from low latitude to high latitude so as to provide valuable information for the cultivation of ecological varieties and the molecular mechanism of photoperiod regulation.