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水稻胚乳发育遗传调控的研究进展
引用本文:张娟,牛百晓,鄂志国,陈忱.水稻胚乳发育遗传调控的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2021,35(4):326-341.
作者姓名:张娟  牛百晓  鄂志国  陈忱
作者单位:1.扬州大学 江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室/植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室, 扬州 225009;2.中国水稻研究所 水稻生物学国家重点实验室, 杭州 310006
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771744);江苏省杰出青年基金资助项目(BK20180047);江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(NY-142)
摘    要:胚乳是被子植物双受精产物之一,为种子发育提供营养;同时,水稻胚乳也是人类口粮的重要来源。胚乳组织约占水稻种子干质量的70%以上,其发育直接影响稻米产量和品质。目前我们对水稻胚乳发育调控的分子机制有了较为深入的认识,克隆了一些重要基因,同时发现表观遗传调控在胚乳发育中也发挥重要作用。本文主要以水稻为例,同时穿插拟南芥和玉米等植物的相关研究进展,系统总结了胚乳细胞化、糊粉层细胞分化、储藏物质积累等胚乳发育重要生物学事件的遗传调控机制。最后我们也指出了关于胚乳发育过程中有待进一步深入研究的科学问题,以期能为今后相关研究提供一些思路。

关 键 词:水稻  胚乳发育  遗传调控  细胞分化  基因组印记  
收稿时间:2021-03-09
修稿时间:2021-04-25

Towards Understanding the Genetic Regulations of Endosperm Development in Rice
Juan ZHANG,Baixiao NIU,Zhiguo E,Chen CHEN.Towards Understanding the Genetic Regulations of Endosperm Development in Rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2021,35(4):326-341.
Authors:Juan ZHANG  Baixiao NIU  Zhiguo E  Chen CHEN
Institution:1.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
Abstract:Endosperm, a product of double fertilization, is a tissue nourishing the developing embryo. In addition, cereal endosperm is the primary source of calories of humans. Rice endosperm consists more than seventy percent of the seed dry mass, whose development directly determines the yield and quality of rice grains. To date, we have had a profound understanding of the genetic and epigenetic regulations for rice endosperm development. Many of the important genes required for rice endosperm development have been identified. In this review, we summarize the molecular controls of the key events/processes of endosperm development, including the syncytium-cellualrization transition, endosperm cell differentiation and storage compounds accumulation. We mainly focus on the new findings in rice; however, some important findings in Arabidopsis and other cereal crops are also introduced. We also discuss some questions that need to be elucidated in the future for rice endosperm development.
Keywords:rice  endosperm development  genetic regulation  cell differentiation  genomic imprinting  
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