生物降解地膜对土壤微生物丰度、活性及群落结构的影响

为明确生物降解地膜对土壤微生物的影响情况，推动生物降解地膜在农业上的应用和推广，本研究基于2018年在辽宁阜新和海城建立的地膜覆盖玉米定位试验（试验设计相同，包含透明、黑色生物降解地膜和透明、黑色塑料地膜覆盖，以及不覆膜处理），测定了2019年春季土壤呼吸速率和春秋两季的土壤水解酶（β-葡萄糖苷酶、半纤维素酶、N-乙酰葡萄胺糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和酸性磷酸酶）活性、微生物生物量碳含量、微生物生物量氮含量、磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）含量。结果表明：地膜短期覆盖对土壤可溶性有机碳、酶活性、微生物生物量碳氮及PLFA含量无显著影响。对于两个试验地点，覆盖生物降解地膜土壤呼吸速率均高于塑料地膜，说明生物降解地膜有提高微生物活性的潜力。研究表明，生物降解地膜的应用在短期内没有对土壤微生物活性产生负面影响，但不同类型地膜对土壤的长期影响仍需要进一步监测和综合评价。

Effects of biodegradable plastic film mulching on soil microbial abundance, activity, and community structure

To ensure the effect of biodegradable film mulching(BFM)on soil microorganisms, which limits the application of BFM in agriculture. In 2018, the conducted a field experiment in Fuxin and Haicheng(Liaoning Province, China)to test five different treatments:clear and black biodegradable film mulching, clear and black traditional plastic film mulching, and no mulching. The soil respiration rate, hydrolytic enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)levels were measured in the spring and autumn of 2019. The results showed that short-term plastic film mulching had no effect on soil dissolved organic carbon, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, or PLFA. However, the soil respiration rate was higher under BFM than under traditional plastic film mulching at both sites, suggesting that BFM could enhance soil microbial activity. The long-term effects of biodegradable film mulching on soil microorganisms were desirable, but short-term biodegradable film mulching did not negatively impact soil microorganisms.