解钾菌及其释钾微观机制的研究进展

解钾菌主要通过黏附到矿物表面并释放酸性物质，将难溶性钾、磷和硅等营养元素释放出来进而供植物吸收利用。研究解钾菌释钾机制，对土壤肥力改善和绿色农业发展具有重要作用，并促使其成为国内外学者关注的热点问题。前人有关解钾机制（酸解、酶解、多糖络合溶解等）和室内或田间施用效果等宏观方面做了大量的研究和总结，然而，从微观尺度揭秘解钾菌和矿物间的生物物理相互作用机制很可能是剖析解钾过程黑匣子的关键和新思路。本文简要概述了解钾菌的种类和施用效果，重点剖析了单细胞水平上解钾菌在含钾矿物表面生物膜形成微观过程及影响因素，并详细介绍了研究解钾菌相关的前沿科学技术。

Advances on Potassium-solubilizing Bacteria and Their Microscopic Potassium Solubilizing Mechanisms

Potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) often attach onto the surface of minerals, and secrete acid substances capable of dissolving insoluble nutrients, such as potassium, phosphorus, and silicon from the minerals, facilitating plant nutrients uptake. The functioning potassium solubilizing mechanisms of KSB are key for soil quality improvement and sufficient nutrient utilization that are essential for sustainable agriculture. Recently, mechanistic understanding of the KSB functions and their potentials on sustainable agriculture has become a hot spot of focus of the study on soil microbiology both in domestic and abroad, and this trend is likely to continue in the near future. Numerous studies have attempted to address the biological and/or physiological mechanisms of potassium-solubilizing processes (e.g., acidolysis, enzymolysis and polysaccharides complex dissolution, etc.), and to identify key factors regulating their performance in both lab-scale and field-scale experimental systems. Nevertheless, microscopic mechanistic understanding of the functioning biophysical interactions between KSB and soil minerals remains largely unknown, and remarks a key for untangling the black-box potassium-solubilizing processes. This paper reviews recent advances on KSB diversity and specif ication, and their implication performance, focusing on biofilm formation processes onto potassium-bearing minerals at single-cell level and the driving forces, and their consequent functions on soil potassium utilization. Numerous advanced analysis technologies and cutting-edge methodologies devoting on KSB investigation are summarized.