植物染色体分子核型技术研究进展

单染色体识别为植物遗传学、生物多样性和进化研究的重要方向，也是大型基因组多倍体植物研究的难题之一。文章综述了单拷贝序列染色体涂染(single-copy sequence based chromosome painting)和寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交(oligonucleotide FISH,Oligo-FISH)技术合成新型探针池的方法，总结其在比较基因组学研究中的应用案例，提出开发近缘物种通用寡核苷酸探针库的研究趋势，并对植物染色体分子核型技术在植物系统发育重建和植物育种中的应用进行了展望。

Research progress of molecular karyotype of plants

In recent years,the individual chromosome identification has become an important direction in plant genetics,biodiversity,and evolution studies,and it is also one of difficult problems in the study of large-genome polyploidy plants with chromosomes of similar morphology.Here,the design and application of novel synthetic probe pools in comparative genomics research were reviewed,based on single-copy sequence-based chromosome painting and oligonucleotide fluorescent in situ hybridization (Oligo-FISH).The exploration of new approaches promoting plant diversification studies through chromosomal molecular karyotype research was discussed.The applications of plant chromosome molecular karyotype technology in plant phylogenetic reconstruction and plant breeding were proposed.