山地果园牵引式双轨运输机断绳制动装置设计与试验

针对山地果园牵引式双轨运输机存在钢丝绳松脱或断裂可能引发溜车事故等问题,研制了一种断绳制动装置,描述了载物滑车的总体结构及制动装置关键结构尺寸关系,分析了制动装置制动过程的运动规律。应用SolidWorks建立制动装置简化模型,然后倒入ADAMS/View中建立了制动装置和轨道横梁虚拟样机,虚拟制动试验确定了制动过程的动力学变化规律。动力学仿真与台架试验结果表明,该断绳制动装置的制动成功率为100%,随着装载质量的增大,制动杆与轨道横梁碰撞后的明显回弹次数逐渐减少;碰撞点的应力以及制动杆的回弹距离均随着回弹次数的增大而逐渐减小;仿真结果与试验结果相差极小,验证了仿真过程是正确的。该研究可为山地果园轨道运输机械的安全制动装置设计及后续优化提供参考。

Design and experiment for rope brake device of mountain orchard traction double-track transporter

Abstract: A wire rope brake device was design to solve the problem of slipping accidents by wire rope loosening or fracture when the mountain orchard traction double-track transporter was working. Based on analyzing the principle of the structure of the wire rope brake device and the whole structure of the vehicle, the structure parameters of the brake lever and the walking mechanism were determined. After analyzing the kinematics principal of the braking process, a model was established by the software of SolidWorks. The virtual prototyping of brake device and track beam based on the simplified model of brake device was thrown into the software of ADAMS/View, in order to determine the kinetic changes of braking process. Using successful brake rate as the test index, the braking bench test and high speed photography collision test were carried out. The calculation results showed that the brake lever parameters were majority determined by the track gradient, the distance of upper and lower connecting rod and the height of connecting rod to the track beam. Dynamics simulation and bench test results showed that, the success rate of wire rope braking device was 100%. With the increase of loading quality, the obvious rebound number of the collision was gradually reduced after the brake lever hit the track cross beam. Collision stress between the brake level and the track cross beam and the distance of the rebounding were decreased gradually with the increasing of rebounding numbers. The collision time, frequency and vibration amplitude of vibration rebound of the brake lever were decreased with the increasing of load. The most violent collision was happened in 0 load of the vehicle. In this condition, the largest collision rebound number was 4 times, the whole braking process took up 3.264 s, the maximum rebound distance was 384 mm. Although the simulation data and experimental data had some errors, the overall trend was consistent, so the simulation process was right. This study can provide theoretical basis for design the safety braking device of slope orchard track vehicle and the subsequent optimization.