高茬秸秆还田耕整机功耗检测系统设计与试验

为检测高茬秸秆还田耕整机田间作业功耗,根据功耗检测原理,采用LabVIEW软件,并结合NI数据采集卡、动态扭矩传感器和电感式接近开关等组成的硬件平台,设计了功耗检测系统。标定试验表明,该系统所检测的0~2 000 N·m范围内扭矩:最大绝对误差为5.367 N·m,此时相对误差为0.27%;所检测的转速:最大绝对误差为0.261 r/min,此时相对误差为0.073%。以耕深、刀辊转速、机组前进速度为影响因子设计了田间正交试验,结果表明:影响高茬秸秆还田耕整机作业功率消耗的首要因素为耕深,其次为机组前进速度,刀辊转速对功率消耗的影响较小;在满足耕整质量的前提下,同时考虑耕整机作业效率,其较优作业参数为:刀辊转速330 r/min,耕深185 mm,机组前进速度3.36 km/h,其平均作业功耗为52.52 kW,秸秆埋覆率达到96.2%。研究结果为高茬秸秆还田耕整机的节能降耗、动力合理匹配和结构优化设计等工作提供参考依据。

Design and field experiment of power consumption measurement system for high stubble returning and tillage machine

Abstract: Returning straw back to fields using mechanization technique can improve soil physical property and fertility, increase the yield and farmer income, and is also an important measure to develop ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture. As a kind of soil cultivating machine, the high stubble returning and tillage machine can finish its tasks such as burying the straw, crumbling and cultivating the soil, and flatting landscape at a time. It has several advantages of wide working range, crushing earth evenly, good coverage rate, high working efficiency, simple operation, and labor-saving in busy farming season. The rotary knife roller is the main working part of the machine, and its power consumption is an important technical parameter directly affecting the overall performance. However, its value is unclear and its relationships with motion parameters of rotary knife roller are uncertain. In order to detect the power consumption of high stubble returning and tillage machine during the working process in fields, the real-time measurement system for rotary speed, torque and power consumption was designed based on virtual instrument technology. The torque and rotary speed of rotary knife roller were measured by the CKY-810 dynamic torque sensor and inductance proximity switch, respectively. Meanwhile, the power consumption was shown in real time by the measurement system processing. Calibration testing results showed that the maximum absolute torque error was 5.367 Nm, the corresponding relative error was 0.268%, the maximum absolute speed error was 0.261r/min, and the corresponding relative error is 0.0726%. It indicated that the power consumption test system could accurately detect torque, speed signal, and thereby detect dynamic power consumption. Using the high stubble returning and tillage machine with real-time measurement system in both paddy and dry fields, and the field experiment on power consumption was conducted in the dry late rice fields. Three main factors affecting the power consumption including the tillage depth, rotary speed of knife roller, and the forward speed of the machine were evaluated with the L9(34) orthogonal test. The different forward speeds corresponding to tractor gears were measured before the experiment. At the same time, the relationship between tillage depth and height adjustable of hydraulic regulating handle was clear. The tillage depth and rotary speed of knife roller as well as the forward speed of the machine were nearly obtained by adjusting gears, accelerator and hydraulic regulating handle of the Dong-Fanghong LX-954 tractor, and the final values of the 3 factors were average of multiple experiments. Through range analysis, the factor that had remarkable influence on power consumption was the tillage depth, followed by the forward speed of the machine, and the influence of rotary speed of knife roller was least. Results of the field tests showed that the suitable operation conditions were that the rotary speed of knife roller was 335 r/min, the tillage depth was 185 mm, and the forward speed of the machine was 3.35 km/h. At this condition, the average power consumption was 52.53 kW, meeting the agrotechnical requirements. It operation efficiency was not low. The study provides valuble information for the structure's optimal design, reasonable dynamic matching, saving energy, and reducing consumption for high stubble returning and tillage machines.