豫南茶树种质资源籽实脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析

以豫南地区42份茶树种质资源的茶籽为研究对象,分析了茶籽含仁率及茶籽仁的脂肪含量,范围分别在33.53%~71.60%、17.77%~38.39%。利用气-质联用技术（GC-MS）检测了茶籽仁中的脂肪酸组成和含量,共检测到21种脂肪酸,其中主要成分棕榈酸、硬脂酸、顺-油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量分别在2.64%~5.70%、0.21%~1.11%、7.33%~17.29%、0.09%~8.44%和0.01%~0.15%;相关性分析显示,顺-油酸与十三碳酸、十四碳酸和顺-二十碳二烯酸的含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与反-油酸、顺-二十二碳六烯酸含量呈极显著负相关;除了水仙7202茶籽仁中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量比值为3.08∶12.16∶1,其余茶树种质资源茶籽仁中,这三类脂肪酸的比值均约为1∶2.69∶1.37。中黄1号、农抗早、迎霜、鄂茶11号、龙井43、中选8号、崂山3号和黄金叶8个茶树品种,不仅含仁率和脂肪含量较高,而且茶籽仁脂肪酸的组分和含量丰富、均衡,可初步筛选出来作为豫南地区叶籽两用茶园的候选品种。

Analysis of Fat Content and Fatty Acid Composition and Absolute Content in the Tea Seeds from Southern Henan Tea Germplasms

The kernel percentage, fat content and fatty acid composition and absolute content of the seed kernel of 42 tea germplasm materials from Southern Henan were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the kernel percentage ranged from 33.53% to 71.60%, the fatty content was determined with Soxhlet extraction, varied from 17.77% to 38.39%, totally, 21 fatty acids were identified by GC-MS, and the range of main fatty acid contents, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, cis-oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were 2.64%-5.70%, 0.21%-1.11%,7.33%-17.29%, 0.09%-8.44% and 0.01%-0.15%, respectively. Correlation analysis shows that cis-oleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with tridecanoic acid, myristic acid and cis-eicosadienoic acid, linoleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with trans-oleic acid and cis-docosahexaenoic acid. The content ratio of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of seed kernel of Shuixian 7202 was 3.08∶12.16∶1, and others’ were around 1∶2.69∶1.37. According to higer kernel percentage and fat content of seed kernel, a total of eight tea cultivars including Zhonghuang 1, Nongkangzao, Yingshuang, Echa 11, Longjing 43, Zhongxuan 8, Laoshan 3 and Huangjinye were initially screened as candidate cultivars for constructing tea garderns harvesting leaf and seed.