化肥减量配施有机肥对青贮玉米产量、营养价值及土壤微生物活性的影响

以关中地区青贮玉米(Zea mays)及其根际土壤为研究对象,研究了种植当年化肥减量配施有机肥对青贮玉米产量、营养价值及土壤微生物活性的影响。结果表明,施肥当年不同处理之间产量无显著差异(P> 0.05)。单施化肥处理(T1)的粗蛋白含量最高,配施有机肥在一定程度上降低了玉米的粗蛋白含量,提高了纤维的含量。T1处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮含量及土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均最低。随着有机肥配施比例的增加土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮含量和土壤酶活性均升高。由此初步说明,在关中地区化肥减量配施有机肥能够维持种植当年的玉米产量,显著提高土壤碳、氮储量及土壤酶活性。本研究为关中地区发展青贮玉米产业、改善土壤环境和提高肥料利用效率提供理论依据。

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and application of organic manure on the yield and nutritive value of Zea mays and soil microbial activity

This study was conducted in the Guanzhong area to study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and application of organic manure on the yield and nutritive value of silage maize(Zea mays)and soil microbial activity.The results showed that there were no significant differences(P>0.05)in the yields between the different treatments in the first year.The single fertilizer treatment(T1)had the highest crude protein content,and the application of organic manure reduced the crude protein content of maize to a certain extent and increased the fiber content.The soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,soil urease,and alkaline phosphatase activity of the T1 treatment were the lowest.With an increase in the ratio of organic manure application,the soil microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,and soil enzyme activity increased.This preliminarily indicates that the application of organic manure in the Guanzhong area can maintain the maize yield in the first year,and significantly increase the soil carbon/nitrogen reserves and enzyme activities.This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of the silage maize industry,improvement of the soil environment,and improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency in the Guanzhong area.