新疆博格达山区树附生地衣物种多样性及种群分布格局

以新疆博格达山区树附生地衣为研究对象,根据博格达山植被垂直分布规律,在不同的海拔地带选择具有代表性的地段设置20个样地,进行常规群落调查,并收集环境参数。用形态解剖分析、化学物质鉴定、分子系统研究等方法鉴定地衣;以地衣的盖度为指标,采用除趋势对应分析法、双向指示种分析法划分树附生地衣群落,用典范对应分析法分析地衣物种分布与环境因子的关系;用相似性、多样性等数据进一步研究各树附生地衣群落间的差异。结果表明:分布在博格达山区的树附生地衣共有48种,分为平盘软地卷(Peltigera elisabethae(Gyeln.) Hale)+寄生石蕊(Cladonia parasitica Hoffm.)群落、蜈蚣衣(Physcia stellaris(L.) Nyl.)+长缘毛蜈蚣衣(Physcia tenella(Scop.) DC.)群落、粗皮石蕊(Cladonia scabriuscula(Delise.) Leight)+土星猫耳衣(Leptogium saturninum(Dicks.) Nyl.)群落、喇叭粉石蕊(Cladonia chlorophaea(Flk.) Sommerf)+枪石蕊(Cladonia coniocraea(Flk.) Spreng)群落等4个树附生地衣群落。树附生地衣的群落分布与光照强度、人为干扰、林冠层郁闭度、湿度、胸径等因素显著相关,而地表植被盖度和坡向等因素对树附生地衣群落分布的影响不大。

Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Corticolous Lichen Species in Bogda Mountains,Xinjiang

Corticolous lichen species in the Bogda Mountains of Xinjiang was taken as the research object, by the vertical distribution character in Bogda Mountains, 20 typical site were selected in different elevation zones to conduct routine community surveys, collect environmental parameters and lichen specimens. Corticolous lichen species were identified by morphological and anatomical analysis, chemical identification and molecular system research;with species coverage, by using Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA) and Two-way Indicator Species Analysis(TWINSPAN) in distinguishing four corticolous lichen communities;the relationship between corticolous lichen species distribution and environmental factors was analyzed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA);then the differences between Corticolous lichens communities were further studied by Jaccard’s community similarity, Shannon-wiener diversity and Simpson’s diversity. There were 48 species of corticolous lichen in Bogda Mountains, divided into Peltigera elisabethae(Gyeln.) Hale+Cladonia parasitica Hoffm. community, Physcia stellaris(L.) Nyl.+Physcia tenella(Scop.) DC. community, Cladonia scabriuscula(Delise.) Leight+Leptogium saturninum(Dicks.) Nyl. community, Cladonia chlorophaea(Flk.) ex Sommerf+Cladonia coniocraea(Flk.) Spreng. community, species composition were most strongly influenced by light intensity, humidity, disturb, crown density, altitude and tree DBH. Aspect and vegetation coverage had little effect on the distribution of corticolous lichen.