不同氮钾施用水平对番茄营养吸收和土壤养分变化的影响

以“辽园多丽”番茄为试材,在日光温室内桶栽条件下,研究不同氮钾水平对番茄养分吸收和土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着土壤中施氮量和施钾量的增多,番茄叶片和果实中含氮量、含钾量越高。说明氮、钾两种元素可互相促进彼此的吸收,但是,超过一定范围,会降低果实中氮素和钾素的比例。不同氮钾处理对植株磷素的吸收影响不大。土壤中增施钾肥在一定程度上抑制了番茄植株对钙素和镁素的吸收,土壤中氮素含量的高低对叶片中钙的吸收影响不大,土壤中适当氮水平可促进番茄叶片和果实中镁素的吸收和积累,施氮量过高则降低了果实中钙素、镁素的积累。随着土壤中氮肥和钾肥施入量的增多,土壤中碱解氮和速效钾的含量呈升高趋势,不同施钾水平条件下,中等钾素处理土壤中碱解氮含量较高。

Effects of Different Rates of Nitrogen and Potassium on Nutrient Levels in Tomato and Soil

'Liaoyuanduoli' tomato was planted in the pot of greenhouse.The effects of different N and K treatments on tomato nutrition,dry matter accumulation,fruit yield,quality and the change of soil nutrients were studied.The results showed that the N and K ratio in the leaves and fruits of tomato increased with the application of N and K in the soil.Within a certain limit,the content of N and K in the leaves and fruits of tomato improved with increasing N and K fertilizer in the soil.It indicated that N and K elements can advance adsorption for each other.But the N and K percent in fruits decreased beyond some extent.It had little influence on P absorption for plant under different N and K treatments.The absorption of Mg and Ca in the tomato would be restrained to some extent when K fertilizer of soil increased.The content of N in the soil had little influence on Ca absorption in the leaves.Suitable N in soil accelerated the absorption and accumulation of Mg in the leaves and fruits.But excessive N decreased the accumulation of Ca and Mg.The content of available N and K increased with the ascension of N and K fertilizer in the soil.The treatment,which had moderate K level,had a high available N content in soil under different K treatments in the soil.