Targeting and evaluating biodiversity conservation action within fragmented landscapes: an approach based on generic focal species and least-cost networks |
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Authors: | Kevin Watts Amy E Eycott Phillip Handley Duncan Ray Jonathan W Humphrey Christopher P Quine |
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Institution: | (1) Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, England, UK;(2) Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Scotland, UK |
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Abstract: | The focus of biodiversity conservation is shifting to larger spatial scales in response to habitat fragmentation and the need
to integrate multiple landscape objectives. Conservation strategies increasingly incorporate measures to combat fragmentation
such as ecological networks. These are often based on assessment of landscape structure but such approaches fail to capitalise
on the potential offered by more ecologically robust assessments of landscape function and connectivity. In this paper, we
describe a modelling approach to identifying functional habitat networks and demonstrate its application to a fragmented landscape
where policy initiatives seek to improve conditions for woodland biodiversity including increasing woodland cover. Functional
habitat networks were defined by identifying suitable habitat and by modelling connectivity using least-cost approaches to
account for matrix permeability. Generic focal species (GFS) profiles were developed, in consultation with stakeholders, to
represent species with high and moderate sensitivity to fragmentation. We demonstrated how this form of analysis can be used
to aid the spatial targeting of conservation actions. This ‘targeted’ action scenario was tested for effectiveness against
comparable scenarios, which were based on random and clumped actions within the same landscape. We tested effectiveness using
structural metrics, network-based metrics and a published functional connectivity indicator. Targeting actions within networks
resulted in the highest mean woodland area and highest connectivity indicator value. Our approach provides an assessment of
landscape function by recognising the importance of the landscape matrix. It provides a framework for the targeting and evaluation
of alternative conservation options, offering a pragmatic, ecologically-robust solution to a current need in applied landscape
ecology. |
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