榧树种质资源调查与评价

榧树(Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl)种子是我国特有的著名干果,为了对榧树种质资源进行有效保护和开发利用,采用实地调查、采集标本、室内烤种、成分分析等方法,对浙江、安徽、江西、福建等榧树分布区的种质资源进行了系统研究。结果表明,榧树资源分布不均,仅少数地方资源保存较好;榧树种内性状变异复杂,不同单株间种子的单粒质量、种核单粒质量、出核率、核形指数及营养成分等变异大,存在一些综合性状优良、品质达到或超过香榧的优株;将香榧和榧树中的优良株系、类型分归于7个主要品种和类型。在榧树中应主要收集一些种子具有综合优良性状、特殊性状和有潜在利用价值的单株;香榧则重点在于收集种子高产、稳产、优质和具特殊性状的优株,对古树及古树群也应加以保护。

Investigation and evaluation of Torreya grandis germplasm resource

The seeds of Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl are a peculiar nut fruit in China.In order to effectively protect,develop and utilize the germplasm resources of this species,a systematic investigation of its germplasm resources in Zhejiang,Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces was conducted through field investigation,specimen collection,indoor seed examination and ingredient analysis.The results showed that the resources of T.grandis was unevenly distributed and only conserved well in a few regions.The single seed weight,single kernel weight,kernel rate,kernel shape index and nutrient content varied greatly among individual trees, but some superior individual trees in integrated traits and quality had discovered,which could be grouped into seven major varieties and types.Those individual trees with seeds of integrated good traits,good quality,special traits or potential utilization value should be collected and preserved, especially focusing on those of high and stable yield and special high traits.The old trees or their population should be protected.