生态农业投入与产出的地域差异分析——基于江苏省7市31县(区)的数据

分析生态农业投入对生态农业产出的区域差异对促进生态农业优化升级的投资具有指导价值。在测算生态农业三种投入对生态农业产出的区域差异上采用三阶段DEA方法，根据研究需要选取CCR、BCC、SBM三个模型，从技术效率、规模报酬和要素利用率三个维度来探索DEA方法在生态农业投入产出分析中的应用，梳理DEA方法在生态农业投入产出测算中的不足，并运用江苏省2021年7个地级市31个县(区)收集到的数据测算不同地域的7个地级市生态农业发展的区域差距。研究发现：江苏省的生态农业PTE分布相对集中，31个县(区)的均值为0.636，高于TE、SE的均值，此外，SE方差为0.047，高于TE方差，低于PET方差，由此可知江苏省生态农业的技术效度差异显著。据此，可将生态农业发展分为两极分化、一枝独秀和发展落后三类。从规模报酬来看，研究选取的31个县(区)中有27个县(区)规模报酬递增，说明江苏省的生态农业总体态势良好。从要素利用率来看，研究选取的31个县(区)生态农业从业人员利用率(UFW)的平均值为66.03%，土地资源利用率(UAA)平均值为54.28%，现代农机的利用率(UTP)平均值为39.02%，相比欧美国家的生态农业，江苏省的要素利用率并不高，需要地方政府制定相应的鼓励政策激励要素利用率的提高。

Analysis on regional difference between input and output of ecological agriculture: Based on the data of 31 counties (districts) in 7 cities in Jiangsu Province

The analysis of the regional difference of ecological agriculture input and output has guiding value for promoting the investment of ecological agriculture optimization and upgrading. In this paper, the three stage method is used to measure the regional differences of three kinds of inputs to eco agriculture output. According to the research needs, CCR, BCC and SBM are selected to explore the application of DEA method in eco agriculture input output analysis from the three dimensions of technical efficiency, returns to scale and factor utilization, Based on the data collected from 31 counties (districts) of 7 prefecture level cities in Jiangsu Province in 2021, the regional gap of eco agriculture development of 7 prefecture level cities in different geographical locations is calculated. The results show that the distribution of ecological agriculture PTE in Jiangsu Province is relatively concentrated. The mean value of 31 counties (districts) is 0.636, which is higher than the mean value of TE and SE. In addition, the SE variance is 0.047, which is higher than the TE variance, which is lower than the FET variance. Therefore, it can be seen that the technical validity of ecological agriculture in Jiangsu Province is significantly different. Accordingly, the development of ecological agriculture can be divided into three categories, such as polarization, dominance and backward development. From the perspective of returns to scale, 27 of the 31 counties (districts) selected in the study have increased returns to scale, indicating that the overall posture of ecological agriculture in Jiangsu Province is good. From the perspective of factor utilization rate, the average value of the employment utilization rate (UFW) of ecological agriculture in 31 counties (districts) selected in the study is 66.03%, the average value of land resource utilization rate (UAA) is 54.28%, and the average value of modern agricultural machinery utilization rate (UTP) is 39.02%. Compared with the ecological agriculture in Europe and America, the factor utilization rate of Jiangsu Province is not high, so the local government needs to formulate corresponding incentive policies to improve the factor utilization rate.