不同种源蒙古栎种子及其苗期生长性状变异研究

为筛选蒙古栎的优良种源,在辽宁省7个蒙古栎种源地(丹东市,西丰县,弯甸子镇,碱厂镇,草河口镇,朝阳县,普乐堡镇)采优树种子,测量种子长径、短径、千粒重(质量,下同)以及幼苗的苗高、地径、侧枝数、叶脉数、顶芽体积、生物量进行方差显著性分析及变异系数分析。结果表明,不同种源间蒙古栎的种子和苗期的所有表型性状均有显著差异(P<0.05),种子长径、千粒重、茎生物量和根生物量的最大值出现在碱厂镇,种子短径、苗高、侧枝数、叶生物量的最大值为西丰县。种子表型性状的变异系数小于苗期,种内变异最大的性状为顶芽体积,变异系数74.70%,种内变异最小的性状为千粒重,变异系数0.18%。对蒙古栎生长表现的隶属函数综合评价排序：碱厂镇>西丰县>弯甸子镇>朝阳县>丹东市>普乐堡镇>草河口镇。初步评价结果：7个种源之中,碱厂镇为辽宁地区蒙古栎最优种源,西丰县种源表现次之,可作为备选种源。

Study on variation of seed and seedling growth traits of Quercus mongolica from different provenances

To screen the excellent provenances of Quercus mongolica,the seeds were collected from seven provenances in Liaoning Province (Dandong City,Xifeng County,Wandianzi Township,Jianchang Township,Caohekou Township,Chaoyang County,and Pulebao Township).The seed long diameter,short diameter,1000-grain weight,seedling height,ground diameter,number of lateral branches,number of leaf veins,top bud volume and biomass were measured.The results showed that significant differences existed in all phenotypic characters of Q.mongolica seeds and seedling stage among the provenances (P<0.05).Jianchang Township provenance had the maximum values for the seed length diameter,1000 grain weight,stem biomass and root biomass.Xifeng County provenance had the maximum values for the seed short diameter,seedling height,number of lateral branches and leaf biomass.The coefficient of variations of the phenotypic characters of the seeds was lower than those at the seedling stage,and the character with the largest intraspecific variation was the volume of the terminal bud,with coefficient of variation of 74.70%.By contrast,the trait with the smallest intraspecific variation was the 1000 grain weight,with coefficient of variation of 0.18%.The comprehensive evaluated order of membership function of the seedling growth performance was as follows:Jianchang Town>Xifeng County>Wandianzi Town>Chaoyang County>Dandong City>Pulebao township>Caohekou Township.Thus,preliminary evaluation results showed that among the seven provenances,Jianchang township was the best provenance of Q.mongolica in Liaoning,followed by Xifeng County,which could be used as alternative provenance.