渭北旱塬苹果病虫害全程生物防控技术应用效果评价

【目的】制约我国苹果产业绿色发展的关键问题之一在于对其病虫害绿色防控技术较为欠缺。本研究对已构建的渭北旱塬苹果病虫害全程生物防控技术的应用效果进行综合评价，为该技术体系的推广提供依据。【方法】2019与2020年连续两年在西北农林科技大学旱塬生态农业科技试验示范站（渭南市澄城县）的苹果园，设置生物防控处理区和常规防控处理区，分别采用病虫害全程生物防控技术（自每年3月起至11月底，根据病虫害发生情况，全部采用生物农药处理）和当地现行的以化学农药为主的防治技术，测定苹果的产量、品质并调查果园天敌昆虫发生动态，并由第三方机构检测苹果叶片、果实及果园土壤中的农药残留。【结果】采用全程生物防控技术果园2019与2020年的苹果产量分别为51 585和53 639 kg·hm-2，与常规防控果园并无显著差异；全程生物防控果园苹果的果型、硬度与可食率等一般物理性状与常规防控果园无显著差异，但其单果质量优于常规防控果园产出的苹果，两年分别达到了342.89和377.89 g;2019年，全程生物防控果园苹果可溶性固形物、pH、Vc含量及可溶性糖含量均显著高于常规防控果园苹果，而可滴定酸含量显著低于常规...

Application Evaluation of the Whole-Process Biological Management Scheme for Apple Pests in the Weibei Dry Highland

【Objective】 One of the key problems restricting the green development of apple industry in China lies in the lack of green prevention and control technology of pests. In this paper, the application effect of the whole-process biological management technology for apple pests (WBTAP) in Weibei Dry Highland was comprehensively evaluated, hoping to provide a basis for the extension of the technology system. 【Method】 In the apple orchards of Ecological Agriculture Science and Technology Experiment and Demonstration Station in the highland of Northwest A&F University (Chengcheng County, Weinan City), the biological management area and the conventional management area were set up. The biological management area adopted WBTAP (from March to the end of November, all biopesticides were applied according to the occurrence of pests), while the conventional management area adopted the current local control technology which mainly based on chemical pesticides. The yield and quality of apple and the dynamics of natural enemy insects in orchard were determined by publicly reported methods, and pesticide residues in apple leaf, fruit and orchard soil were detected by third-party organizations. The experiment has been carried out for two consecutive years in 2019 and 2020. 【Result】 The apple yields of orchards with WBTAP in 2019 and 2020 were 51 585 and 53 639 kg·hm^-2, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of conventional chemical management technology of apple pests (CCTAP). There was no significant difference in the general physical properties of apples, such as fruit shape, firmness and edible rate between the two management technologies, but the single fruit weight of WBTAP orchard was better than that of CCTAP orchard, reaching 342.89 and 377.89 g in two years, respectively. In 2019, the soluble solid, pH, Vc content and soluble sugar content of apples in the WBTAP orchard were significantly higher than those in the CCTAP orchard, while the titratable acid content was significantly lower than that in the CCTAP orchard, and the indexes were 17.06%, 4.69, 9.23 mg/100 g, 16.60% and 0.26%, respectively. The results of two years showed similarity and consistency. No pesticide residue was found in apple fruits, leaves and soil in the WBTAP orchard during the two years, while many chemical pesticide residues such as tebuconazole, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos were detected in the CCTAP orchard. In addition, the number of natural enemy insects in the WBTAP orchard was significantly higher than that in the CCTAP orchard. Taking Coccinella septempunctata as an example, on May 24th, 2019, there were 1.5 ladybirds per shoot in the WBTAP orchard, while there was only 0.5 ladybird in the CCTAP orchard. The natural enemy insects in the WBTAP orchard also existed longer than in the CCTAP orchard. From May 3rd to July 12th, 2019, C. septempunctata appeared for 71 days in the WBTAP orchard, but only for 50 days in the CCTAP orchard. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in apple yield between the WBTAP orchard and CCTAP orchard, but the apple quality of WBTAP orchard was better. No pesticide residues were found in apple fruits, leaves and soil in the WBTAP orchard, and the number of natural enemy insects (C. septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis and Chrysopa) in the WBTAP orchard was significantly higher than that in the CCTAP orchard. The technology system shows excellent economic, environmental and ecological benefits, and the fruit quality reaches the requirements of food safety. It can provide technical reference for organic apple production, and has the value of further popularization and application.