表观性状及产奶相关基因用于筛选高产奶牛的潜在价值

高产量奶牛的高效选育一直是困扰奶业及奶牛养殖业高效发展的难题，产奶量不足，生产效率不稳定等问题也严重制约了行业的发展。但传统筛选高产奶牛方法耗时耗力，不利于高产奶牛快速培育，且优良性状的遗传稳定性较差，也无法长期保留。目前，越来越多研究发现产奶量与奶牛的表观性状有关，如体重、体尺、乳房形态及肛殖距等。不仅如此，产奶量及奶品质还与催乳素及其受体基因、生长激素及其受体基因、二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因和及其他产奶基因具有密切关系。因此，本文对影响奶牛产奶量的相关因素进行了综合概述，阐述了不同因素对高产奶牛筛选应用的潜在价值，有望促进高产奶牛的快速筛选，助力奶牛养殖业的快速发展。

Potential Value of Epistatic Traits and Milk Production-related Genes for Screening High-yielding Cows

Efficient selection and breeding of high-yielding cows has been a difficult problem for the efficient development of the dairy industry and dairy farming,and problems such as insufficient milk production and unstable production efficiency have also seriously restricted the development of the industry. However,traditional screening methods for high-yielding cows are time-consuming and labor-intensive,not conducive to rapid breeding of high-yielding cows,and the genetic stability of good traits is poor and cannot be retained in the long term.Currently,more and more studies have found that milk yield is related to the cow's apparent traits,such as weight,body size,udder shape and anal spacing.In addition,milk yield and milk quality are also closely related to prolactin and its receptor genes,growth hormone and its receptor genes,diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes and other milk production genes.Therefore,this paper provided a comprehensive overview of the relevant factors affecting milk yield in dairy cows and illustrated the potential value of different factors for the application of high-yielding cow screening,which was expected to facilitate the rapid screening of high-yielding cows and contribute to the rapid development of dairy farming.