中国樱桃正反交F1代果实主要性状的遗传分析

【目的】通过观测分析中国樱桃地方种质‘南早红’(早熟，橙红)和‘红妃’(紫红，综合性状优良)杂交F₁代果实主要性状的遗传表现，探究果实主要性状遗传规律，为优异性状基因挖掘奠定工作基础，也为新品种选育和杂交亲本选择与选配提供参考依据。【方法】田间调查和测试分析‘南早红’(NZH)和‘红妃’(HF)正、反交F₁代群体(n=226)果实大小(单果质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径)、风味(可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸)、颜色(果实花色苷含量)、形状(果形指数)、果实生育期、果柄长度等17个性状的遗传变异，分析其遗传倾向并预测遗传模式。【结果】正交(‘南早红’ב红妃’)和反交(‘红妃’ב南早红’)F₁群体单果质量分离广泛，分别为2.59—7.46和2.45—6.48 g，但平均单果质量(4.30 g、4.05 g)均小于中亲值(4.58 g)。可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量杂种优势明显，前者正、反交群体均值分别为14.55%和14.51%，高于亲本HF(12.97%)和NZH(11.36%)，超高亲率分别达78.52%和76.09%...

Genetic Analysis of Fruits Characters in Reciprocal Cross Progenies of Chinese Cherry

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to pave the way for the construction of high-density genetic map and QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis, so as to facilitate the parental selection and mating design in the breeding programs targeting for new varieties in Chinese cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don) by investigating and analyzing fruit traits of F₁ progenies between Nanzaohong (NZH, early maturity, orange red) and Hongfei (HF, purple red, with good comprehensive characteristics). 【Method】 The heredity variation and inheritance tendency of 17 fruit quality traits in the F₁ segregating populations (n=226) were investigated, which were derived from the reciprocal cross between NZH and HF These traits included fruit weight, longitudinal, transverse and lateral diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar (SS), titratable acid (TA), anthocyanin content, fruit shape index, fruit development period, and fruit stalk length, etc. 【Result】The average fruit weight in offspring of both NZH × HF (4.30 g; range: 2.59-7.46 g) and HF × NZH (4.05 g; range: 2.45-6.48 g) was smaller than the mid-parent value (4.58 g). The TSS content (14.55% and 14.51%) was higher than those of two parents (12.97% and 11.36%), and the ratio of individuals with TSS content higher than high parent（HH）was 78.52% and 76.09%. The average TA content of individuals from the reciprocal cross was lower than the low parent (LL) (47.92% and 41.94%). Peel color segregated in the F₁ progenies, with orange red, red, purple red and black purple being observed. Hybrids with red fruit color accounted for the largest proportion. The anthocyanin content is in the range of 3.12-112.51 and 1.80-79.94 mg/kg. The average fruit development period of NZH × HF progenies was two days shorter than that of HF × NZH progenies, which was mainly affected by the male parent. The fruit stalk length showed heterosis with HH values of 49.25% and 43.33%, respectively. The mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model method was evaluated for their fitness relating to these traits. Two major genes plus polygenes model was the optimal genetic model for 11 (out of 12) quantitative traits except for the fruit longitudinal diameter, which was controlled by one major gene plus polygenes. 【Conclusion】The main fruit quality characteristics were quantitative traits controlled by polygenic loci. The inheritance trend of the fruit weight, longitudinal, transverse, lateral diameter, TA, and anthocyanin content tended to be decreased, while the TSS, SS content and fruit stalk length tended to be increased.