多元化生态补偿背景下牲畜暖棚对畜牧业收入和草地质量的影响——基于PSM的准自然实验

在草原牲畜暖棚建设补贴的多元化生态补偿背景下，探究牲畜暖棚的经济和生态效益，对促进多元化草原生态补偿实践具有重要的理论与现实意义。本文基于隧穿环境库兹涅兹曲线(Environmental Kuznets curve, EKC)分析模型，设计了一组牲畜暖棚对牧户畜牧业收入和草地质量影响的准自然实验，并基于2020年若尔盖草原648个牧户的微观调查数据，同时运用倾向得分匹配(Propensity score matching, PSM)最邻近匹配、卡尺匹配、核匹配、局部线性回归匹配法，实证检验了牲畜暖棚对牧户畜牧业收入和草地质量的影响，并通过构造随机实验组的方式进行了安慰剂检验。研究结果表明：暖棚设施的使用，将为牧户带来畜牧业年均增收20 117.99元，同时牧户草地的生态质量提升约6.75%。因此，设施型的多元化生态补偿机制可以协同草地生态保护和牧户生计发展，支持现代化牲畜暖棚建设，将“造血”式赋能草原生态经济，促进牧区绿色发展。

Significance of Cattle Shed on Herds’ Animal-husbandry Revenue and Grassland Quality with the Background of Diversified Eco-compensation：A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on PSM

Under the background of diversified eco-compensation of cattle shed subsidies,exploring the economic and ecological benefits of cattle shed has an important theoretical and practical significances for promoting the practices of grassland eco-compensation. Based on tunneling through Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model,this paper designed a quasi-natural experiment to analyze the significances of cattle shed on animal husbandry revenue and grassland quality. Based on the micro-survey data of 648 herdsmen in Ruoergai grassland in 2020,the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method (nearest neighbor matching,caliper matching,kernel matching,local linear regression matching method) was used to empirically test the cause effect of cattle shed on animal husbandry revenue and grassland quality,and a placebo trial performed by constructing 500 randomized experimental groups simultaneously. The results showed that:(1) cattle shed brought an average household animal husbandry annual revenue increase by 20 117.99 yuan;(2) under the current mechanism,the cattle shed improved the grassland quality of herdsmen by 6.75% on average. Therefore,the facility-based eco-compensation mechanism can have a synergitic effects on the grassland ecological protection and the livelihood enhancement of herdsmen. Supporting the construction of cattle sheds will empower the ecological economy of pastoral areas in a “hematopoietic” manner,which has a great significance on promoting the green developments of pastoral area.