规模化牛场粪污资源化技术研究及应用进展

现代规模化牛场发展迅速，为市民提供大量优良奶源和畜肉，但同时牛场产生粪便、污水等废弃物排泄量增加，大部分牛场不能规范化处理，粪污堆积在生产区域，不光对周围土壤、空气和水体造成污染，还影响牛场的正常养殖生产秩序，对生态环境危害严重，影响养牛业绿色可持续发展，因此牛粪的处理和资源化利用问题急需解决。为了稳定、无害的处理粪污，将规模化牛场粪污作资源化处理利用，不仅可以解决牛场粪污污染问题，还能实现粪污资源最大化利用，具有重要意义。本文分析了牛粪的营养成分以及规模化牛场粪污造成的环境污染问题，简述了粪污资源化利用的目的、原则和预期效果，介绍了牛粪资源化利用的现有途径和方式，其中主要包括能源化、基质化、饲料化、燃料化、肥料化、氧化塘发酵后再利用等方法，以期通过分析多种资源化处理技术，将其根据具体情况应用，或者多种技术搭配实施，避免单一技术存在的局限性，为不同养殖环境情况下的粪污处理提供参考，为现代化养牛业低碳可持续发展提供借鉴。在未来应继续加大规模化牛场粪污资源化利用力度，科学合理制定各地区养殖场的粪污处理规划和资源化利用模式，监测周围环境质量并作出有效控制，促进畜牧业健康发展，为畜牧业循环经济...

Research and Application Progress of Manure Recycling Technology for Large-scale Cattle Farm

The development of modern large-scale cattle farms has been rapid, providing a large amount of high-quality milk and meat for citizens. However, at the same time, the amount of waste such as feces and sewage produced by these farms has increased, and most of them cannot be properly treated. The accumulation of manure in the production area not only causes pollution to the surrounding soil, air, and water bodies but also affects the normal breeding and production order of the cattle farm. This seriously harms the ecological environment and affects the green and sustainable development of the cattle industry. Therefore, the problem of treating and utilizing cow manure as a resource needs to be urgently addressed. To stabilize and safely handle the manure, this paper proposed to utilize the manure from large-scale cattle farms as a resource. This not only solved the problem of manure pollution in cattle farms but also maximized the utilization of manure resources, which was of great significance. This paper analyzed the nutritional composition of cow manure and the environmental pollution caused by manure from large-scale cattle farms. The purpose, principles, and expected effects of resource utilization of manure were briefly described. Existing methods of cow manure resource utilization were also introduced, including energy utilization, substrate utilization, feed utilization, fuel utilization, fertilizer utilization, and the reuse of oxidized pond fermentation. By analyzing various resource utilization technologies and applying them according to specific situations, or implementing multiple technologies in combination, the limitations of a single technology can be avoided. This paper provided a reference for the treatment of manure in different breeding environments and provided a reference for the low-carbon and sustainable development of modern cattle farming.In the future, efforts should be made to further promote the resource utilization of manure from large-scale cattle farms. Scientific and reasonable plans for manure treatment and resource utilization models should be developed in various regions. The quality of the surrounding environment should be monitored, and effective control measures should be taken to promote the healthy development of animal husbandry and lay the foundation for the circular economy and comprehensive utilization of the animal husbandry industry.