不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响

【目的】研究不同氮肥用量对日光温室茄子产量、品质以及养分积累的影响，为设施茄子精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以茄子品种茄杂2号作为材料，采用田间小区试验，设置4个施氮处理，以不施肥处理作为对照，测定不同施氮处理下茄子的产量、营养品质、干物质积累量以及养分积累量。【结果】茄子产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，适量的施氮量有助于提高茄子产量；试验F₃处理产量最高，为62 839 kg/hm²,比不施肥处理高36.05%。各施氮处理中，可溶性固形物、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，并且均以F₃处理最高，分别为1.83%、52.59 mg/g、1.8 mg/g。VC含量是F₄处理最高，为7.44 mg/100g。各施氮处理的硝酸盐含量随施氮量的减少而降低，F₅处理最低，为654.56 mg/kg。茄子植株氮素、磷素、钾素的积累量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，均以F₃处理最高，分别为232.67、34...

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield,quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant

【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of eggplant in greenhouses.【Methods】In this experiment, the eggplant variety Qieza 2 was used as the test object, and a field trial was used. Four nitrogen treatments were set up, and no fertilizer treatment was used as a control to determine the yield, nutritional quality and dry matter accumulation of eggplant under different nitrogen treatments in the hope of providng a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of eggplant in facility.【Results】The yield of eggplant showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. Appropriate amount of nitrogen was helpful to increase eggplant yield; the F₃ treatment in this experiment had the highest yield, which was 62,839 kg/hm², 36.05% higher than the treatment without fertilization. In each nitrogen application treatment, the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars and soluble proteins all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the F₃ treatment’s contents were the highest, respectively 1.83%, 52.59 mg/g and 1.8 mg/g. Vitamin C content was the highest in F₄ treatment, which was 7.44 mg/100g. The nitrate content of each nitrogen application treatment decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate, and the F₅ treatment’s was the lowest, which was 654.56 mg/kg. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of eggplant plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and the F₃ treatment’s were the highest, which were 232.67 kg/hm², 34.32 kg/hm², and 304.99 kg/hm², respectively.【Conclusion】A scientific and reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can not only significantly increase the yield of eggplant and improve the nutritional quality of the fruit, but also increase the nutrient accumulation of the plant. Under the experimental conditions, F₃ treatment (eggplant seedling stage nitrogen 108 kg/hm², phosphorus 49.2 kg/hm², potassium 176.7 kg/hm², result stage nitrogen 421.5 kg/hm², phosphorus 174.9 kg/hm², potassium 540.2 kg/hm²) is a kind of an eggplant which is suitable for facility eggplant fertilization, high yield, good quality, plant nutrient accumulation.