我国山药机械化收获技术研究进展

我国山药种植历史悠久，种植范围广泛，因受其自身生长特点、地理环境和种植模式的影响，山药收获机械化程度较低，大多采用人工收获。随着产业结构的发展，山药收获机械化的发展程度直接影响农户的经济效益。分析我国几种山药的种植特点，概述我国山药收获的主要方式，阐述行走系统、传动系统、开沟系统、土壤翻振机构、定位系统等山药主要收获装备和技术的研究现状和进展，简单论述国外山药收获机的研究，在此基础上指出我国山药收获机械化面临农机与种植环境融合不够、种植模式不统一、收获机具质量差、缺乏核心技术创新、收获功能不完善等问题，并对山药机械化收获装备面临的问题提出相关建议：因地制宜研制山药机械化收获设备、推进种植规程建设、学习借鉴发达的国家发展经验、提高核心部件的创新能力、研制联合收获机。

Research progress of mechanized yam harvesting technology in China

Yam planting in China has a long history and a wide range. Due to its own growth characteristics, geographical environment and planting mode, the mechanization degree of yam harvesting is relatively low, and manual harvesting is mostly used. With the development of industrial structure, the development degree of yam harvesting mechanization directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. This paper analyzes the planting characteristics of several yams in China, summarizes the main harvesting methods of several yams in China, expounds the research status and progress of main harvesting equipment and technology of yams such as walking system, transmission system, trenching system, soil turning vibration mechanism and positioning system, and briefly discusses the research on yam harvester in foreign countries. On this basis, it is pointed out that the mechanization of yam harvesting in China faces problems such as insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and planting environment, inconsistent planting mode, poor quality of harvesting machines and tools, lack of innovation and imperfect harvesting function, and relevant suggestions are put forward for the problems faced by the mechanized harvesting equipment of Yam as follows: developing the mechanized harvesting equipment of yam according to local conditions. Promoting the construction of planting regulations, learning from the development experience of developed countries, improving the innovation ability of core components, and developing combine harvesters.