长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应

【目的】通过田间定位试验探究长期覆膜和施用有机肥对春玉米产量、品质、干物质累积和氮素吸收的影响。【方法】长期定位试验在中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所长武黄土高原农业生态试验站开展。试验设4个处理：覆膜，不施氮，作为对照(F)；不覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2(N)；覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2(FN)；覆膜，施氮225 kg·hm^-2，并施有机肥(FSN)。2020和2021年在玉米吐丝期(R1)和收获期(R6)分别采集植株样品，测定植株生物量，并按器官分类测定不同部位的氮含量，收获期测定玉米籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉含量。【结果】(1)施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米产量，覆膜条件下增施有机肥能使产量进一步提高。不覆膜施氮处理与对照相比增产106%—176%，覆膜处理在此基础上产量增加21%—75%，在覆膜条件下增施有机肥后进一步增产6%—8%。(2)施氮条件下覆膜显著提高春玉米干物质累积和氮素吸收，施用有机肥后二者进一步得到提高。(3)不覆膜施氮处理的粗蛋白含量为8.67%—8.94%，施氮条件下覆膜使粗蛋白含量提...

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term film mulching and application of organic fertilizer on yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of spring maize through long-term localized field experiments. 【Method】 The long-term experiment began in 2009 at the Changwu Agri-Ecological Station, and the samples were collected in 2020 and 2021. The field experiments were conducted with four treatments: mulching, no N (F), no mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (N), mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (FN), and mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 and apply organic fertilizer (FSN). Plant samples for measuring total biomass were collected at silking stage (R1) and harvest stage (R6). The samples were divided into different parts as required, and the total N content was determined. Crude protein, crude fat and crude amylum concentrations of maize grain were determined at harvest. 【Result】(1) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of spring maize, while additional application of organic fertilizer under mulching further increased the yield. Compared with the control, the N treatment increased the yield by 106%-176%. The FN treatment increased the yield by 21%-75% on this basis, and the FSN treatment was further increased by 5.6%-8.4%. (2) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring maize, and the two indicators were further improved after the application of organic fertilizer. (3) The crude protein content under N treatment was 8.67%-8.94%, while the crude protein content under FN treatment increased to 8.99%-9.34%. The crude protein content of the FSN treatment was not further improved. There were no significant differences in crude fat and crude amylum content between the treatments. 【Conclusion】FN treatment significantly increased the yield and crude protein content of spring maize. The application of organic fertilizer under FSN further increased the yield on the basis of maintaining the crude protein content of the grain, and realized the high yield and high quality of spring maize.