海湾扇贝热处理开壳装置设计与试验

随着我国水产养殖业发展，海湾扇贝养殖量逐年上升，因其营养价值、药用价值高，受到广大消费者青睐。开壳工作是海湾扇贝加工重点，其内部有使两壳拉紧闭合的闭壳肌，开壳难度大。通过对海湾扇贝开壳方案研究，结合海湾扇贝生理结构特点，总结扇贝热处理开壳方案，并对火烤开壳、水浴冲击开壳、蒸汽喷射开壳3种热处理方案进行试验，选出最佳热处理方案是蒸汽开壳法。设计海湾扇贝蒸汽喷射开壳装置，对关键部件中仿形孔和成形刀进行尺寸及安装位置设计分析。以蒸汽喷射时间、蒸汽喷射距离、蒸汽阀门开度为试验因素，开壳效果感官评分为指标进行单因素试验，并通过Box Behnken design进行因素交互试验分析，最终确定当蒸汽喷射3 s、喷射距离30 mm、蒸汽阀门开度90°时，开壳效果最佳，感官评分值为93.67分。通过对开壳方案的研究，解决扇贝开壳困难问题，改善扇贝加工脏乱差现状，填补我国扇贝加工工艺方案空缺，为提高我国扇贝加工机械化程度奠定基础。

Design and test of heat treatment and shell opening device for bay scallop

With the development of our countrys aquaculture industry, the amount of bay scallop farming is increasing year by year. Because of its high nutritional value and medicinal value, it is favored by consumers. Opening the shell is the focus of the processing of bay scallops. The closed shell muscles close the two shells inside, making it difficult to open the shell. In this paper, based on the research of bay scallop shell opening plan, combined with the physiological structure characteristics of bay scallop, the heat treatment opening plan of scallops is summarized, and the three heat treatment plans of fire roasting, water bath impact opening, and steam jet opening are tested, and the best is selected. The best heat treatment plan is the steam open shell method. The steam jet shelling device for bay scallop is designed. The size and installation position of the profiling hole and the forming knife in the key components are designed and analyzed. The single factor test is conducted with the steam jet time, steam jet distance, and steam valve opening as the test factors, and the sensory score of shelling effect as the index. The interactive test analysis of factors is conducted through Box Behnken design. Finally, when the steam jet is 3 s, the jet distance is 30 mm, the opening of the steam valve is 90°, the opening effect is the best, and the sensory score is 93.67 points. Through the research on the opening plan, we can solve the difficult problem of opening the scallop, improve the dirty and messy situation of the scallop processing, fill the vacancy of the scallop processing plan in our country, and lay the foundation for improving the degree of mechanization of scallop processing in our country.