河南省秋播饲用燕麦的越冬率、分蘖特性及其生产性能

为探明河南省秋播燕麦的越冬情况和生产性能，本试验秋播21个燕麦品种，对其越冬率、分蘖情况等农艺性状及干草产量、抗倒伏性、营养品质进行测定和综合评价。结果表明：各秋播燕麦品种越冬率为33%～86%,其中有13个品种越冬率在60%以上。秋播的燕麦分蘖能力较强，越冬前和越冬后为2次分蘖高峰期，且越冬前分蘖为有效分蘖。各品种株高为1.04～1.42 m,‘太阳神’的株高最高；干草产量为9.95～18.69 t·hm^-2,‘贝勒’最高。相关分析表明，干草产量与株高呈极显著正相关关系，干草产量与分蘖等指标无显著相关性关系。对各品种营养指标进行主成分分析表明，可利用主成分分析法对营养品质进行量化评分。综合抗倒伏性、干草产量和营养品质综合评价表明，‘贝勒’‘牧王’和‘贝勒2’得分较高，适宜在河南省及黄淮海平原进行秋播推广。

Winter Survival Rate,Tillering Characteristics,and Production Performance of Autumn-Sown Forage Oats in Henan Province

To explore the winter survival and production performance of autumn-sown oat in Henan Province,this experiment was carried out to measure agronomic traits such as winter survival rate,tillering characteristics,hay yield,lodging resistance,and nutritional quality for 21 autumn-sown oat varieties. The results showed that the winter survival rates of oat varieties ranged from 33% to 86%,with above 60% in thirteen oat varieties. Autumn-sown oats had a strong tiller capacity with two tillering peaks before and after winter respectively,and only the tillers before winter were effective ones. The plant height of each variety was 1.04～1.42 m and the hay yield was 9.95～18.69 t·hm^-2. Among the 21 varieties,'Titan' had the tallest plant height,and 'Baler' was with the highest hay yield. Correlation analysis showed that hay yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height,and there was no significant correlation between tillering and hay yield. The principal component analysis for nutritional indicators showed that the principal components could be used to score nutritional quality quantitatively. The comprehensive evaluation by combining lodging resistance,hay yield,and nutritional quality showed that 'Baler' 'Haymaker' and 'Baler' II obtained higher scores,and they were appropriate for autumn sowing in Henan Province and Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.