青藏高原不同生态地理区生态恢复状况分析

为保护和修复青藏高原生态系统，我国在青藏高原实施了一系列政策与生态工程。全面掌握生态系统恢复状况对科学制定区域生态系统保护与恢复策略具有重大意义。本文选取植被净初级生产力、植被覆盖度、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙5个指标，利用地面和遥感数据并结合生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs, InVEST)模型、修正的通用水土流失方程(Revised universal soil loss equation, RUSLE)和修正风蚀方程(Revised wind erosion equation, RWEQ)等方法，评估2000—2019年青藏高原生态系统恢复程度与恢复潜力。结果表明：青藏高原生态系统功能逐步提升，但部分地区仍有退化趋势。其中，生态系统基本稳定的面积最大，占比为42.03%;青藏高原植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数为29.57%。其中，植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数较大的地区主要位于青藏高原中西部。政府未来应因地制宜，对水热环境较好且恢复潜力大的地区积极采取相关措施，对生态恢复潜力大但恢复...

Analysis on Ecological Restoration in Different Ecogeographical Divisions of the Tibetan Plateau

To protect and restore degraded ecosystems,China has implemented a number of policies and ecological projects in the Tibetan Plateau. It is of great significance to grasp the state of ecosystem restoration for making relevant strategies scientifically. Based on various data and models such as InVEST,RUSLE and RWEQ,five indicators of the net primary productivity (NPP),the fractional vegetation cover (FVC),the water conservation,the soil retention and the windbreak and sand fixation were calculated. As a result,the degree and potential of ecosystem restoration in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2019 had been comprehensively analyzed. The results showed as below:(1) The ecosystem function of the Tibet Plateau was gradually improved,but there was still a tendency of degradation in some areas. The regions exhibiting 'basically remained stable’ covered the largest area,accounting for 42.03% of the Tibet Plateau. (2) The restoration potential index of the FVC in the Tibet Plateau was 29.57%. The regions with high FVC recovery potential index are mainly located in the central and western regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Policies for ecological restoration should be different for such regions. The government should prioritize the restoration strategies in areas with better climatic conditions and high restoration potential. For the areas with high potential for ecological restoration but with extreme difficulty,it is suitable to integrate artificial restoration and natural restoration to obtain a better effect of ecological projects.