鄂尔多斯市生态脆弱性评价及归因分析

以地处农牧业交错带的鄂尔多斯市为研究对象，利用SRP概念模型结合空间主成分分析法，对2005、2010和2018年的生态脆弱性进行评价，并通过地理探测器对影响生态脆弱性的因子进行分析。结果表明：1)2005、2010和2018年鄂尔多斯市平均生态脆弱性指数为0.52、0.44和0.42,整体均处于轻度脆弱状态；指数平均值呈现降低趋势，表明生态脆弱性逐渐转好。3期数据均显示生态脆弱性在空间上呈现东部到西部逐渐加重的特征。2)2005年与2010年相比潜在脆弱面积增加了390 km²,微度脆弱面积增加了22 628 km²;2010年与2018年相比潜在脆弱面积增加了5 616 km²,微度脆弱面积增加了6 031 km²;3)鄂尔多斯市生态脆弱性不同年份各评价因子的影响不同，自然因素中的年均降水量、NPP以及人类活动所产生的人口密度、人均GDP、万元GDP用水量是影响鄂尔多斯市生态脆弱性的主要因子。

Evaluation and Attribution Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Ordos City

Taking Ordos City as the research object,which is located in the interlaced zone of agriculture and animal husbandry.Based on the ecological sensitivity-resilience-pressure (SRP) conceptual model and combined with the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) method,the ecological vulnerability (EV) of Ordos was evaluated in the years of 2005,2010,and 2018.Moreover,the geographic detector was used to analyze the influence of EV factors.The results showed that 1) the average values of EV index of Ordos in 2005,2010,and 2018 were 0.52,0.44,and 0.42,respectively.On the whole,they were all in a mildly vulnerable state; the average value of the EV index showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the EV was gradually improving.Spatially,the data of the three phases all exhibited that the EV gradually increased from east to west.2) From 2005,the potential vulnerable area increased by 390 km² in 2010,and the slightly vulnerable area increased by 22 628 km²; From 2010,the potential vulnerable area increased by 5 616 km²,and the slightly vulnerable area increased by 6 031 km² in 2018.3) Although the influences of evaluation indicators on the ecological vulnerability in Ordos were different in different years,the main influential indicators were the natural factors (e.g.,annual precipitation and NPP) as well as anthropogenic activities (e.g.,population density,per capital GDP,and water use amount per ten thousand Yuan GDP).