氮素指数施肥对设施薄皮甜瓜养分承载及氮吸收利用的影响

【目的】研究不同施氮方式对甜瓜植株养分承载及氮吸收利用的影响，分析合理施肥方式、浓度以及指数施肥对甜瓜的适用性，为设施甜瓜节本增效栽培提供参考。【方法】选取白莎密薄皮甜瓜为研究对象，设置不施肥处理CK、指数施肥处理(E₂、E₄、E₆、E₈、E₁₀)和平均施肥处理(C₂、C₄、C₆、C₈),分析养分承载和氮吸收利用情况。【结果】2种施肥方式各器官养分含量和积累量均随呈现相同的趋势。各器官养分含量均和地上部养分积累量分别以E₄(4 g/株)、E₆(6 g/株)最高全株各养分含量表现为钾>氮>磷，各养分均在指数施肥处理E₄(4 g/株)最高。随施氮量的增加甜瓜植株的氮、磷、钾养分在根、茎、叶和果中的分配向叶片和果实倾斜。指数施肥E₆(6 g/株)处理果实氮吸收量能达到107.88 kg/hm

Effects of Nitrogen Exponential Fertilization on the Nutrient Loading and the Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Oriental Melon

【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application methods on the nutrient carrying and nitrogen absorption and utilization of melon plants, to find more reasonable fertilization methods and concentrations, to explore the applicability of exponential fertilization to melons, and to reduce fertilizer waste and soil pollution in the hope of saving cost and increase efficiency of melon cultivation in facilities.【Methods】 Baishami melon was selectedas the research object and no fertilization treatment CK, exponential fertilization treatment (E₂, E₄, E₆, E₈, E₁₀) and average fertilization treatment (C₂, C₄, C₆, C₈) were set for analyzing nutrient carrying capacity and nitrogen absorption and utilization.【Results】 The nutrient content and accumulation of each organ in the two fertilization methods showed the same trend. The nutrient concentration of each organ was E₄ (4 g/plant) and the aboveground nutrient accumulation E₆ (6 g/plant) had the best performance. The nutrient content of the whole plant was potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus, and each nutrient was the highest in the exponential fertilization treatment E₄ (4 g/plant). The distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the melon plant was inclined to move to the leaves and fruits with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the treatment of exponential fertilization E₆ (6 g/plant), the fruit nitrogen absorption could reach 107.88 kg/hm², the NHI: 68.16%, the NRE: 21.43%, NAE: 9.65 kg/kg, and NPE: 46.29 kg/kg.【Conclusion】 Compared with average fertilization, exponential fertilization can more effectively promote the nutrient carrying capacity of N, P and K, and achieve higher N absorption and utilization efficiency with lower N application rate. Exponential fertilization E₆ (6 g/plant) can significantly improve the performance of melon plants in terms of nutrient carrying capacity, which is suitable for actual production.