不同氮磷钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响

【目的】研究不同氮、磷、钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响，建立肥效模型，提供能够有效增产的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量，为集成鹰嘴豆高产栽培提供参考。【方法】2019～2020年以白鹰1号为材料，采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计进行田间试验。试验地常用施肥量为N:58 kg/hm²、P₂O₅:69 kg/hm²、K₂O:60 kg/hm²。设氮、磷、钾4个施肥水平为0(不施肥)、1(常用施肥量×0.5)、2(常用施肥量)、3(常用施肥量×1.5)。调查鹰嘴豆生育日数、株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒重、干重、根长和产量等指标，研究不同氮、磷、钾处理鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状的变化，拟合并优化氮、磷、钾施肥效应进行方程，分析氮、磷、钾肥对鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状单因素和互作效应，分别得到最高产量和最佳经济效益下的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量。【结果】鹰嘴豆生育日数、主茎分枝数和单荚粒数受肥料施用量变化影响较小，单株荚数和百粒重共同决定了产量。N₂

Effects of Different Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Yield,Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefit of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

【Objective】 Chickpea is suitable to be planted in arid and semi-arid areas with poor soil in China.The variation regularities of chickpea applied with different fertilizations is in urgent need of research.It is important for integrating high-yield cultivation technique of chickpea to explore effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments on yield on yield, agronomic traits and economic benefit of chickpea, establish the fertilizer response model, and find out the optimal fertilizer rate.【Methods】 Baiying 1 was used in a field experiment designed “3414” incomplete orthogonal regression during 2019 and 2020.The conventional fertilizer rates were N: 58 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 69 kg/hm², K₂O: 60 kg/hm², and four levels of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in the treatments included 0 (no fertilization), 1(half conventional), 2(conventional) and 3(1.5 folds of conventional).The growth period, plant height, branches, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, dry matter, root length and yield of chickpea were measured to study the variation of yield and agronomic traits of chickpea at different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments, and empirical models were established for analyzing the single factor and interaction effects to achieve the optimum rate of fertilizer application.【Results】 The effects of growth period, branches and seeds per pod showed less variation at different fertilization treatments, and the yield was affected by pods per plant and 100-seed weight.The highest value of plant height, pods per plant and 100-seed weight was at N₂P₂K₃, where the root length was longer.The yield of the nitrogen and the potassium deficiency treatments were significantly lower than that of the phosphorus deficiency treatment, and the effects on the yield was N>K₂O>P₂O₅.The single factor and interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obvious to the yield and agronomic traits, and the economic benefit was consistent with the yield of chickpea.The corresponding regression equation was acquired by fitting analysis of the yield and agronomic traits at different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments.The fertilizer rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at maximum value of each indexes were as below: yield(Y₁): 3,801 kg/hm², N: 75.8 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; plant height(Y₂): 84 cm, N: 74.1 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 80.1 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; pods per plant(Y₃): 164.9 pods, N: 72.7 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 83.7 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; 100-seed weight(Y₄): 38.7 g, shoot dry matter(Y₅): 147.6 g, root dry matter(Y₆): 6.3 g, root length(Y₇): 19.1 cm, N: 87 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 103.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 The effects of growth period, branches and seeds per pod showed less variation at different fertilization treatments.Under the condition of this experiment, the yield, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and root length of chickpea were increased first and then decreased.In the range of this experiment, the shoot dry matter, root dry matter and root length were continuously promoted by the interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.The highest yield was 3801 kg/hm² with the optimal fertilizer rates N: 75.8 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².The best economic benefits was 36,853.6 yuan/hm² with the fertilizer rates N: 74.6 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 81.2 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².