2022年秋收作物生长季农业气象条件评价

基于全国2467个气象台站实时和历史同期观测资料，利用农业气象评价指标、作物气候适宜度模型、主要农业气象灾害指数评估方法等，综合评估2022年玉米、一季稻、晚稻、大豆和棉花等主要秋收作物关键生育期的农业气象条件、生长适宜度、农业气象灾害等对产量的影响。结果表明，生长季内大部农区光热条件好，水分条件制约玉米、大豆等旱地作物产量提高；玉米、一季稻、大豆、棉花关键生育期内低温、阴雨寡照、暴雨洪涝灾害影响偏轻；长江流域夏季高温综合强度为1961年以来最强，一季稻等作物遭受严重高温热害，玉米、大豆等旱地作物遭受严重夏秋连旱；吉林、辽宁和山东等地夏季出现叠加性强降水过程，部分地区玉米、大豆渍涝灾害较重。

Analysis Report of Growing Season Agrometeorological Conditions of Autumn Harvest Crops in 2022

According to the observed meteorological data in 2022 and the historical data from 2467 meteorological stations in China, the agrometeorological evaluation index, the climate suitability degree model and agrometeorological disaster index model were used to evaluate the agrometeorological effects on yield of major autumn harvest crops, such as corn, single rice, later rice, soybean and cotton. The results showed that: the light conditions and thermal conditions were sufficient for crop growth and development in the growing season. The precipitation and soil water conditions were non-uniform distribution in time and space, which restricted the yield increase of corn, rice, soybean and other crops. The impact of low temperature, sunless, continuous rain, rainstorm and flood disasters during the main growth period was light, while the meteorological conditions were favorable for crop development growth and yield. The comprehensive intensity of high temperature in summer in the Yangtze River basin reached the highest level since 1961. The single rice during filling maturation suffered heat injury, while the corn suffered continuous drought in summer and autumn. The rainstorm disasters occurred frequently especially Jilin, Liaoning and Shandong provinces which caused the crops to heavy losses, and some crops were out of harvest.