灌溉对苹果产量·品质和水分利用效率的影响

[目的]为太行山区苹果节水灌溉提供理论依据。[方法]以12~14年生富士苹果为试材,采用不同灌溉方式(常规漫灌、分区交替灌溉和调亏灌溉,研究灌溉方式和调亏灌溉对苹果产量、品质和水分利用率的影响。[结果]分区交替灌溉与常规漫灌的苹果产量、单果重、硬度、含酸量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量均无显著差异,两者的产量和单果重显著高于对照(自然降水),分区交替灌溉较常规漫灌水分利用率提高了31.1%~70.7%。在调亏灌溉中,果实发育早期或中期控水与全灌溉对照的产量和单果重无显著差异,在果实发育后期控水和干旱则导致苹果产量和单果重显著下降。[结论]在保证果实产量和品质的前提下,分区交替灌溉是最好的节水灌溉方式,果实发育的早期是实施调亏灌溉的最佳阶段。

Effects of Irrigation on Yields, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Apple

[Objective] The study was to provide the theoretical basis for the water-saving irrigation of the apple in Taihang mountain area.[Method] With 12-14 years old Fushi apple as tested material,different irrigation methods(routine flood irrigation and divided alternative irrigation),and the regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) were taken to study the effects of irrigation methods and RDI on the yields,quality and water use efficiency of the apple.[Result] The yields,single fruit weight,hardness,acid content,soluble solids content and soluble sugar content of apple with divided alternative irrigation had no significant difference to that with routine flood irrigation.The yields and single fruit weight of apple with the two irrigation methods were higher than that of CK(natural precipitation).The water use efficiency of divided alternative irrigation was increased by 31.1%-70.7% than that of routine flood irrigation.The yields and single fruit weight of apple with controlling water in early or middle stage of the fruit development had no significant difference to that with full irrigation(CK),the yields and single fruit weight of apple with controlling water in the late stage of the fruit development and with drought were decreased significantly.[Conclusion] Under the premise of guaranteeing fruit yields and quality,the best method for water saving irrigation method was the divided alternative irrigation,RDI can be used in the early of fruit growth.