延边黄牛心脏的形态学观察

采用常规解剖学方法，测量20头延边黄牛的心室壁厚度、各瓣膜口的周径、心脏外部各径；对延边黄牛心脏的外部形态、位置关系、内部构造、血管分布、肉柱等进行观察．结果表明，延边黄牛心脏的重量为（1．17±0．27）kg，位于胸腔的纵隔内，呈倒置的圆锥状，分为右心房、右心室、左心房、左心室4个腔，外部有心包包被．心脏周径（36．31±3．13）cm，长径（12．71±0．57）cm；心脏的外形可分为心耳，心室，心尖和心底，表面有4条沟（冠状沟，锥旁室间沟，窦下室间沟和中间沟）；左心室心内膜光滑、平整，肉柱较右心室内的少；左心室内有2个乳头肌，即前乳头肌和后乳头肌，均发达，为附着型，标本中见右心室内有3个乳头肌，分别为隔后乳头肌、隔前乳头肌和侧壁乳头肌．

Morphology observation of the heart of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

Adopted the conventional anatomy method to measure the thickness of the ven- tricular wall, the circumference of valve orifice, external diameter of the heart of 20 Yanbi- an Yellow Cattle, and observed the external form location, internal structure, vascular dis- tribution, trabeculae carneae cordis and so on . The results showed the weight of Yanbian Yellow Cattles heart is 1. 174-0.27 kg,located in the mediastinum of the chest, inverted cone-shaped, divided into right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricular cavity, determined by pericardium. The heart of the circumference is 36. 31±3.13 cm. Long path is 12.71±0.57 cm; heart shape can be divided into atria, ventricle, cardiac apex and cardi- ac base, there are 4 groove on the surface （coronary sulcus, cone beside the interventricular sulcus, interventricular sulcus under the sinus and the middle groove） ~ left ventricular en- docrinal is smooth, flat and the trabeculae carneae are not as many as right ventricular. There are two papillary muscles in the left ventricular, which is anterior papillary muscle and posterior papillary muscle. The two papillary muscles are both well-developed, which are attachment type. In the specimen, there are three papillary muscles in the right ventric- ular, which are septum-posterior papillary muscle septum-anterior papillary muscle and lat- eral wall papillary muscle.