世界蚕豆种质资源遗传多样性和相似性的ISSR分析

【目的】分析国内外蚕豆种质资源的遗传多样性,探索其遗传相似性和遗传结构,为世界蚕豆资源的综合评价和优良种质资源的发掘利用提供依据。【方法】利用ISSR标记技术,对来自世界35个国家的383份蚕豆资源的遗传相似性进行分析。【结果】筛选出的11条ISSR引物共扩增出229条条带,其中多态性条带212条(占93%)。不同地理来源蚕豆资源群的基因多样性指数在0.16—0.28,平均为0.22;遗传丰富度变化范围为104—193,平均为158.5。中国春播区蚕豆资源群遗传多样性最高(H=0.28,NA=193),最低的是美洲资源群体(H=0.16,NA=104)。非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)聚类结果表明,中国春播区和秋播区蚕豆资源明显不同;中国蚕豆资源群体与国外资源群间的遗传相似性较远,明显与国外资源相分离;北非和欧洲的蚕豆资源遗传相似性较近。亚洲、欧洲、非洲及中国的蚕豆资源群之间具有明显的地域分布规律。【结论】中国春播区蚕豆资源遗传变异丰富,遗传多样性较高;美洲蚕豆资源遗传基础相对狭窄。蚕豆资源群体遗传多样性差异和遗传相似性与其地理来源、生长习性和生态分布密切相关。

Genetic Diversity and Similarity of Global Faba Bean(Vcia faba L.)Germplasm Revealed by ISSR Markers

【Objective】 The purpose of this research is to analyze the genetic diversity of global faba bean germplasm, to explore their genetic similarity and population structure, and to provide essential information for germplasm evaluation and effective utilization of faba bean genetic resources. 【Method】 The genetic similarity of 383 faba bean accessions from 35 countries was analyzed by using ISSR marker. 【Result】 Eleven ISSR primers generated 229 unambiguous bands, of which 212 were polymorphic, and the rate of polymorphic bands was 0.93. Gene diversity index (H) and allelic richness (NA) of different geographic groups of germplasm ranged from 0.16 to 0.28 and from 104 to 193, respectively. Chinese spring-seeding area group showed the highest genetic diversity (H = 0.28, NA = 193), and America group showed the lowest (H = 0.16, NA = 104). The spring faba bean germplasm was clearly separated from winter faba bean germplasm of China in UPGMA clustering analysis based on ISSR molecular marker data. Germplasm from China is quite distinct to that from exotic accessions. The accessions from Europe had a closer genetic similarity with that from North Africa. While the germplasm resources from Asia, Europe and Africa are closely related to their geographical distribution.【Conclusion】Accessions from spring-seeding area of China were most diverse. Germplasm from America showed lowest diversity. The results indicated that the genetic similarity and diversity of faba bean germplasm are closely associated with their growth habit, their geographical origin and ecological distribution.Key words: faba bean (Vcia faba L.); germplasm resourses; ISSR marker; genetic diversity; genetic similarity