干酪乳杆菌群和植物乳杆菌群的分子鉴定技术和分类方法的研究进展

乳杆菌属是乳酸菌类群中最大的一个属,在乳酸杆菌的研究和应用中,分类鉴定是其中的一个重要领域。由于乳杆菌属内许多种间的表型特征难以区别,利用生理生化实验方法往往无法进行准确鉴定。近几年,随着分子生物学的飞速发展,从分子和基因水平来认识乳酸菌的遗传结构和分类已成为可能,而采用常规的16SrDNA序列同源性分析不能将相近的植物乳杆菌群和干酪乳杆菌群分别鉴定到种及亚种的水平,目前许多新的分子鉴定技术和分类方法被用来进行相近乳酸菌的分类和鉴定。本文结合自己的试验归纳出如蛋白酶编码基因序列分析、扩增片段长度多态性分析、种间特异性PCR等九种用于区分和鉴定植物乳杆菌群和干酪乳杆菌群的分子技术和方法,对乳酸菌的多相分类学研究和工业化生产具有的重要意义。

Advance in Molecular Identification and Classification on Lactobacillus casei Group and Lactobacillus Plantarum Group

Lactobacillus is the biggest genus of the lactic acid bacteria, classification and identification take an important part in the field of Lactobacillus research. However, many groups of species alike in taxonomy in the Lactobacillus are difficult to be differentiated accurately in phenotypic and physiological characteristics. In addition to that, the traditional 16S rDNA sequence homology analysis fails to identify the resembling Lactobacillus casei group and Lactobacillus plantarum group to species/sub-species level respectively. Nowadays, many advanced molecular technologies and methods are applied in identification and classification of closed lactic acid bacteria. This review refer to the related articles combined with the experiments, to summarize 9 molecular technology methods on identification and classification of L. casei group and L. plantarum group, such as sequence analysis of Protein-coding genes, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP）, Species-specific PCR etc. This is significantly important to research lactic acid bacteria on the polyphonic taxonomy as well as industrial production.