苦参的化学成分和药理作用及临床研究概况

本文通过查阅和整理分析近20多年来对中药苦参(Sophora flavescens)的化学成分、药理作用及临床研究方面的文献进行了综述。目前已经从苦参中分离鉴定的化学成分有生物碱类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、氨基酸类、挥发油类等化合物,对生物碱和黄酮类研究较多;研究表明苦参具有抗病原微生物、抗炎、抗过敏、抗肿瘤、利尿、抗心律失常、调节免疫和神经等多种药理作用。其主要活性物质是生物碱类和黄酮类,对其中的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的药代动力学有初步的研究。苦参的临床应用较广泛,除了在中医和蒙医等其他民族医学临床上的传统应用之外,其新的医疗用途不断被发现和应用,是一味很有深入开发价值的药材。在此基础上,作者对苦参今后的研究提出了自己的建议。

Summary of chemical composition and Pharmacological effects and Clinical Study of Sophora flavescens

In this paper,the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and clinical application of Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens are analyzed and made a summary by inspecting and reviewing the literature in nearly 20 years.Alkaloidss,flavonoids,fatty acids,amino acids,volatile oil constituents etc.has now been isolated from Sophora flavescens,among them,compounds of Alkaloidss and flavonoids have been studied by more researchers.Result of research showed that Sophora flavescens has the pharmacological effects which are microbial resistance,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,ant tumor,diuretic,anti-arrhythmia,regulation of the immune and nervous and others.The compounds of Alkaloidss and flavonoids are main active composition,and there is a preliminary study on the pharmacokinetics of matrine alkaloids and oxymatrine.The clinical application of Sophora flavescens is widespread,in addition to the traditional Chinese medicine clinical and the Mongolian and other ethnic medicine,its new medicinal functions are constantly to be found and used.Sophora flavescens is worth being developed and researched deeply.At the same time,the author put forwards suggestions about the research of Sophora flavescens in the future.