观赏向日葵的花色多样性及其与花青苷的关系

 利用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(RHSCC)和分光色差仪测定法将36份观赏向日葵的花色分为两大类，即黄色系和红色系。红色系向日葵的花色变异较小；黄色系向日葵的花色变异较大。黄色系向日葵又可分为柠檬黄色和橙黄色两个亚类。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）的分析结果表明，试验材料中含有的花青苷共有9种，但这9种花青苷中只有其中的一种在所有样品中均能检测到。对红色向日葵花瓣的花青苷提取液进行多级质谱分析发现，花青苷元类型主要是矢车菊素，其糖苷类型主要是和葡萄糖、鼠李糖和/或阿拉伯糖结合的配糖体；而在纯黄色的向日葵中未检测到这些花青苷，说明矢车菊类花青苷是红色向日葵舌状花显现红色的化学基础。

The Diversity of Flower Color of the Ornamental Sunflower and the Relation to Anthocyanins

Flower color is one of the most important ornamental characters. This study is the first report on the polymorphism of flower color of the ornamental sunflower. The floral color was measured according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHSCC) and by a NF333 spectrophotometer. And UV-Visible spectra of flower pigments were performed. The results indicated that the floral color of the ornamental sunflower includes the red group and the yellow group. The results also showed that there are 9 anthocyanins of all 36 ornamental sunflower genotypes. Only one anthocyanin was detected in all 36 experimental materials. The results of the multilevel mass spectrum showed that the anthocyandin of the sunflower was cyanidin. The cyanidin was combined to glucose, rhamnose and/or arabinose to form glucosides. But we did not detect the cyanin in the pure yellow sunflower. This supposes that the cyanin was the matter of the red group of the ornamental sunflower.