用GGE双标图分析种植密度对高油花生生长和产量的影响

花生群体密度直接影响花生产量及产量构成因素，系统研究不同种植密度下花生产量和性状差异，可为花生高产栽培提供理论依据。以高产高油花生冀花4号为材料，设置5个密度处理，分别为每公顷7.5、10.5、15.0、19.5和24.0万穴，探索种植密度对高产花生农艺性状、经济性状、产量形成因素和经济产量的影响，并用GGE双标图法对结果进行系统分析。结果表明，不同指标对种植密度的敏感程度表现不一，单株开花数、单株结果数、单株产量和荚果产量表现最敏感，而主茎高、侧枝长、出米率、籽仁含油量及蛋白质含量表现相对较稳定。随花生密度增大，单株开花数、单株结果数、百果重和单株产量显著降低，荚果产量则逐渐提高，但提高幅度逐渐降低。冀花4号种植密度每公顷10.5~15.0万穴时可获最大经济效益。GGE双标图为研究不同密度下花生生长状况和产量反应提供了更为直观有效的分析手段。

GGE Biplot Analysis of Effects of Planting Density on Growth and Yield Components of High Oil Peanut

Peanut planting density directly affects peanut yield and yield components, it is an effective way to adopt an optimal growing system for improving yield level. The paper presents an optimum density of peanut cultivation and a new method of data analysis. Five treatments (densities at 7.5×10⁴, 105×10⁴, 150×10⁴, 195×10⁴, and 240×10⁴ holes per hectare) were designed with peanut cultivar Jihua 4. We investigated the agronomic traits, economic traits, yield components and pod yield in peanut, analyzed the differences between growing densities and every trait determined by SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and GGE (Genotype main effects plus Genotype×Environment interaction model). The results showed that there were inconsistent performances between traits and densities. The number of flowers per plant in the whole growth period, the number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant and pod yield per hectare were more sensitive to peanut planting density, but the main stem height, lateral branches length, shelling percentage, oil yield per hectare and protein yield per hectare were more stable. The number of flowers per plant in the whole growth period, the number of pods per plant, 100-pod weight and pod yield per plant decreased significantly with the increase of planting density, but pod yield per hectare increased. Pod yield produced by plants with the highest planting density were slightly greater than those with the lower planting density, while with planting density increasing, the increasing degree of pod yield per hectare decreased. Although the total pod yield increased with density, the higher yield achieved at the higher density did not give a higher economic profit which also affected by seed cost for planting. The result showed that the optimal planting density of Jihua 4 was from 105.0×10⁴ to 150×10⁴ holes per hectare based on maximal economic profit. GGEbiplot is a new and more realistic and effective method to analyze growth and yield components of high oil peanut cultivar.