湖南森林景观格局演变及影响因子分析——以湖南金童山国家级自然保护区金童山片区为例

为森林景观格局影响因子的探索和研究提供新视角,以湖南金童山国家级自然保护区金童山片区为研究区域,以ENVI,ArcGIS为软件平台,运用地理探测器计算森林景观格局影响因子权重,对2005—2015年森林景观格局演变进行了分析。结果表明:(1)研究区以常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林为景观基质; 2005—2009年景观类型动态变化较为频繁,景观类型转移面积总量为4 116.95 hm²,而转移随着一系列政策措施的开展,2009—2015年动态变化强度减缓;(2)从影响因素上看,自然地理因素中的高程因子是影响区域整体景观格局形成的主要因素,面积最大的常绿阔叶林和落叶阔叶林受高程影响最大,人为因素中村民生活干扰和林区干道因子对耕地的分布影响明显;(3)从景观演替方式来看,常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林面积转移以自然演替为主; 常绿落叶阔叶林因人为影响与其他景观类型发生相互转换; 竹林因其生长特点强势侵入其他景观类型; 自然演替与人为影响的双重作用导致灌木林地与牧草地、耕地间发生景观类型转变。因此,森林景观格局的形成和演变是各影响因子对各景观类型综合作用的结果,影响因子类型和权重大小与景观类型转移的方向和数量明显相关。

Analysis of Forest Landscape Pattern Evolution and Its Influencing Factors in Hunan Province-A Case Study of Jintongshan National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province

The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective for the exploration and research on the influencing factors of forest landscape pattern taking the Jintong Mountain Area,Hunan Jintong Mountain National Nature Reserve,as the research area,ENVI and ArcGIS as the software platform,we used geographical detector to estimate the forest landscape pattern impact factor weights,and were analyzed the forest landscape pattern evolution from 2005 to 2015.The results show that:(1)evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest were the landscape matrix of the study area;from 2005 to 2009,the dynamic change of landscape types was relatively frequent,and the total transfered area of landscape types was 4116.95 hm²;with the development of a series of policies and measures,the dynamic change intensity of landscape types reduced from 2009 to 2015;(2)in terms of influencing factors,the elevation factor in the natural geographical factors was the main factor that affected the formation of the overall landscape pattern in the region;the evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest with the largest area were most affected by the elevation;among the human factors,the disturbance of villagers life and the factors of main roads in forest had obvious effects on the distribution of cultivated land;(3)from the perspective of landscape succession,the area transfer of evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest was dominated by natural succession;the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest was transformed with other landscape types due to human influence;bamboo forest invaded other landscape types strongly because of its growth characteristics;the dual effects of natural succession and human influence resulted in landscape type transformation among shrub land,grassland and cultivated land.The formation and evolution of forest landscape pattern is the result of the comprehensive effect of various influencing factors on each landscape type,and the type and weight of influencing factors are obviously related to the direction and quantity of landscape type transfer.