中国耕地空间格局变化及其生态系统服务价值响应

研究耕地空间格局变化对耕地生态系统服务供给能力的影响,能为我国耕地空间格局优化和耕地生态保护提供科学参考,具有重要的理论和实践意义。以往研究缺乏全国耕地生态系统服务供给能力动态变化的综合研究,因此在深入分析耕地空间格局演变的基础上,构建了图斑尺度的耕地生态系统服务价值时空异质评估模型,全面评估2000—2015年我国耕地生态系统服务价值,探究了我国耕地生态系统服务供给能力时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年,中国耕地重心持续向西北方向迁移,水田和旱地重心分别向西北和东北迁移。北方干旱半干旱区旱地持续增加,东北平原区水田持续增加,其他农业区耕地持续减少;(2)2000—2015年我国耕地生态系统服务总价值和单位面积价值均减少,减幅分别为1.35%和0.55%。耕地供给服务总价值和单位面积价值增加,调节服务、支持服务和文化服务总价值与单位面积价值均减少。(3)中国耕地生态系统服务价值变化空间分异明显。北方的北方干旱半干旱区、东北平原区耕地生态系统服务总价值增加,单位价值减少; 青藏高原区耕地生态系统服务总价值和单位价值均减少; 其他农业区耕地生态系统服务总价值减少,而单位价值增加。应通过优化耕地空间格局、精准实施耕地休养生息策略、建立耕地保护生态补偿机制等有效提升耕地生态系统服务供给能力。

Spatial Pattern Change of Cultivated Land and Response of Ecosystem Service Value in China

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of the change of cultivated land spatial pattern on the supply capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services,which can provide scientific reference for the optimization of cultivated land spatial pattern and the protection of cultivated land ecology in China.Previous studies lacked comprehensive research on the dynamic change of cultivated land ecosystem service supply capacity in China.Based on the in-depth analysis of the spatial pattern change of cultivated land,we constructed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity evaluation model of cultivated land ecosystem services in China at patch scale,evaluated the service value of cultivated land ecosystem in China from 2000 to 2015,and explored the evolution law of the supply capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services in China.The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2015,the gravity center of cultivated land continued to move to the northwest,while the gravity center of paddy field and dry land moved to the northwest and northeast,respectively;the dry land increased continuously in arid and semi-arid areas of north China,the paddy field increased continuously in Northeast Plain,and the cultivated land decreased continuously in other agricultural areas.(2)from 2000 to 2015,the total value of cultivated land ecosystem services and the value of cultivated land ecosystem services per unit area decreased by 1.35%and 0.55%,respectively;the total value of cultivated land supply services and the value of cultivated land supply services per unit area increased,the total value and unit area value of regulatory services,support services and cultural services decreased;(3)the spatial differentiation of cultivated land ecosystem service value change in China was obvious;the total ecosystem service value of cultivated land in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China and Northeast Plain increased,but the ecosystem service value of cultivated land per hectare decreased;the total value of cultivated land ecosystem services and the value of cultivated land ecosystem services per unit area decreased in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;the total value of cultivated land ecosystem services in other agricultural areas decreased,while the value of cultivated land ecosystem services per unit area increased.the supply capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services should be effectively improved through optimizing spatial pattern of cultivated land,accurately implementing the strategy of cultivated land recuperation and establishing ecological protection compensation mechanism.