浙江省水资源可持续利用与优化研究

分析了浙江省水资源利用现状、主要用水指标及存在的主要问题.浙江省单位面积水资源量较高,但人均数较低,空间分布与人口、经济分布不相匹配;目前水资源利用和开发上存在的主要问题有:农业输水设施不足和失修较为严重,水分利用系数低;农业灌溉方式落后,水分利用率低;城市供水漏损率高;工业用水重复利用率低;管理体制不适应,水费价格偏低;水环境问题突出.本文从万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量、农田灌溉亩均用水量、灌溉水分利用系数、工业用水重复利用率和工业废水处理率及达标排放率等指标上分析了浙江省的用水现状.利用收集的历年数据并根据社会经济的发展趋势,预测"十一五"末浙江省农业、工业和生活需水量分别为120.9、72.18和45.56亿m3.为了达到水资源的可持续利用,必须通过科学规划、优化配置、高效利用和节约保护等综合措施,以实现水资源利用指标的优化,使2010年全省实际用水量比预测需水量247.14 m3减少12.98%,降至215.09m3,同时要保护好有限的水资源,实现以水资源的可持续利用支撑浙江经济社会的可持续发展.

Studies on sustainable use and optimization of water resource in Zhejiang Province

The present situation of water resources,main indices of water consumption and problems to be resolved in Zhejiang were outlined in this paper.Water resources in Zhejiang are relatively rich in terms of amount per land,but are quite modest on basis of population,and their space distribution were not so reasonable as to the requirement of growth of population and economy.The major problems in utilization and exploitation of water resource are as follows: low water use coefficient due to old and disrepair water-transporting facilities;low water use efficiency due to old irrigation system;high water loss of water supply in city;low water reuse efficiency in industry;low water price because of improper water management system;increasingly polluted water environment.Water use situation was examined from viewpoints of water consumption for 10000 RMB GDP,10000 RMB profit in industrious production,and irrigation consumption of water per mu of farmland,utilization efficiency of irrigated water,water reuse efficiency in industry,percentage of handled waste water and over-standard percentage of released water.Based on the collected data and trend of economic and social development,it is predicted that water requirement of agriculture,industry and living by the end of "Eleventh Five-Year" Program will be 12.9,7.22 and 4.56 billion m~3.In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resource,the comprehensive measures,including scientific planning,optimized distribution, efficient use,economization on and protection of water resource should be conducted.We should do our best optimize water resource utilization indices,to reduce the actual quantity of water use in 2010 by 12.98% relative to the present value.Meanwhile,the limited water resource should be protected to support the sustainable economic and social development of Zhejiang.