大气臭氧污染植物指示研究进展

近年来，大气臭氧（O₃）污染问题得到社会各界的广泛关注。开展大气O₃污染的指示监测工作对于保护人体健康、农作物以及森林植被具有重要的现实意义。利用敏感植物指示大气O₃污染状况以其简便易行的技术优势，已在欧美等发达国家得到广泛应用。文中介绍O₃胁迫对植物的伤害机理，不同植物对O₃胁迫敏感性差异的成因以及利用植物指示监测大气O₃污染的评价方法。为进一步提高利用植物指示大气O₃污染技术的应用价值，提出应强化以下3个方面的研究:1）深入研究敏感植物对O₃胁迫的生理响应机制，开发时效性强的指示评价指标；2）针对不同的气候条件筛选识别对大气O₃污染敏感的乡土植物，并归纳总结各敏感植物的适用条件；3）推进大气O₃污染植物指示评价方法的标准化，提高监测结果的可靠性和可比性。

A Review on Plant Indicating of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution

The issues of atmospheric ozone (O₃) pollution have drawn wide public concerns in recent years. The O₃ pollution indicating and monitoring is of important practical significance for the protection of human health, crops and forest vegetation. Using sensitive plants to indicate and monitor atmospheric O₃ pollution is widely applied in the United States and Europe countries due to its simple and easy-to-use advantages. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of O₃ stress on plants, the reason of differences in plant sensitivity to ozone stress, and the methods of using sensitive plants to indicate and monitor atmospheric O₃ pollution. In order to improve the application value of the methods, this paper concluded that the research on the following three aspects should be strengthened:(1)In-depth studies of the physiological and biochemical response mechanism of sensitive plants to the O₃ stress and the development of the high time-effect evaluation indices; (2)Screening the native sensitive plants for the different climatic conditions, and summarizing the applicable conditions of sensitive plants; and (3)Promoting the standardization of evaluation methods and improving the reliability and comparability of monitoring results.