湿地挺水植物凋落物分解研究概述

挺水植物凋落物的分解会对湿地水质产生一定程度的影响。文中从挺水植物凋落物分解的研究方法、凋落物分解速率和元素释放以及分解与水体营养化水平的相互关系等几个方面，分析了挺水植物凋落物的分解特征。指出除了传统的分解袋法之外，一些新的技术和方法如近红外反射光谱（NIRS）法、同位素13C和15N示踪法也应用到植物凋落物的分解研究中；不同挺水植物凋落物的分解速率是不相同的，分解速率的不同致使凋落物元素释放的不同，且在分解过程中受到挺水植物凋落物特性和外界环境的影响。还分析了挺水植物凋落物独特的分解方式——立枯分解，指出挺水植物凋落物的分解可能会对水体造成二次污染，且不同植物的影响也是不同的。为了更好地保护环境，进一步提高水体质量，提出对挺水植物凋落物采取的相应措施，包括在植物生长末期清除部分植物凋落物，减少对水体的影响。还展望了今后在该领域研究的重点。

Research Review of Litters Decomposition of Wetland Emergent Plant

The water quality of wetlands is affected to some degree by the litter decomposition of emergent plants. This paper analyzed the decomposition characteristics of emergent plants in terms of research methods of litter decomposition, decomposition rates, the release of nutrients, and the relationship between decomposition and eutrophication. It indicated that some new technology and methods like Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and ¹³C and ¹⁵N isotope tracer method are utilized in the decomposition research of litter except for the traditional methods. It also indicated that decomposition rates of emergent plant litters were different, which led to the release of different litter nutrients and was influenced by the characters of emergent plants and external environment. Moreover, this paper reviewed the unique decomposition of litters, i.e., standing litter decomposition. It pointed out that the effect of different litters to water quality was different and might lead to secondary water pollution. In order to protect environment and improve water quality, the paper gave the advice to take corresponding measures for emergent plant litters, including cleaning parts of plant litter in the death stage, so as to reduce the impact to water. It also prospected the key area of future researches in the future.