新疆昭苏野生黄花苜蓿果实形态变异研究

为探明不同群体黄花苜蓿的遗传变异规律及亲缘关系,以伊犁昭苏地区8个天然群体为研究对象,对荚果和种子的性状进行了研究,分析群体间和群体内单株的差异,探明荚果和种子性状以及与地理因子的相关性。结果表明,1)黄花苜蓿群体间除荚果长宽比外,其他各性状均有显著差异;群体内单株间荚果宽度、种子颜色和种子宽度等性状有显著差异;2)除种子颜色外,其他各性状群体间的差异大于群体内差异。群体间,百粒重和荚果形状变异系数较大,分别为0.540和0.535,群体内种子颜色变异系数最大(0.554);3)主成分分析结果表明,群体间的差异主要来源于种子大小、荚果种子数和荚果形状;4)荚果的长度和海拔之间呈正相关关系;5)依据果实形态利用欧氏距离UPGMA聚类分析,将8个群体分为4类:大荚果型、大粒型、小粒型和中间型。

A study on morphological variation of pods and seeds of Medicago falcata collected from Zhaosu, Xinjiang

The regulation of morphological variation and the relationship of different populations of Medicago falcata were studied using eight natural populations collected from Zhaosu Xinjiang and researching the phenotypic traits of their pods and seeds.The differences among populations and between individuals within populations were analyzed and correlations between traits and geographic factors were investigated.There were significant differences of some characters but not of pod length/width between populations.Within populations,there were significant differences in pod width,seed color,and seed width.The variation among populations was more than that within populations except for seed color.Coefficient of variation of 100-seed weights and shape of the pods were 0.540 and 0.535 respectively between populations,while the coefficient of variation of seed color within populations was 0.554.The main differences between regional populations were in seed size,seed numbers per pod and pod shape.There were positive correlations between length of pod and altitude.Eight populations were divided into 4 categories: large pods,large seeds,little seeds and the medium type based on UPGMA Euclidean distance cluster analysis.