宁夏贺兰山东麓洪积扇区酿酒葡萄对水肥一体化响应

按照有机农业生产要求,通过田间试验,研究水肥一体化条件下施用有机滴灌肥对宁夏贺兰山东麓洪积扇区酿酒葡萄产量、品质以及葡萄园土壤化学和生物学性状的影响,探索半干旱区高山下洪积母质发育的瘠薄粗骨性灰钙土水肥高效利用途径。结果表明:施用不同数量的有机滴灌肥各处理酿酒葡萄产量与品质差异显著(p<0.05),其中3.6t/hm^2处理产量最高,达到8.29t/hm^2。T4.5处理葡萄单果最重,果粒最大;与CK相比,3.6t/hm^2处理能显著提升酿酒葡萄果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总酚和花色苷等关键品质指标的含量(p<0.05)。酿酒葡萄品质指标与施肥处理间的关系分析表明,3.6t/hm^2处理得分最高。在0—20,20—40,40—60cm土层,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等化学性质以及脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶均呈现出随施肥量的增加而增大的趋势,4.5t/hm^2处理达到最大值(p<0.05)。研究结果对地处大西北的宁夏贺兰山洪积扇生态脆弱区有限土肥水资源的高效利用,并生产最高端有机酿酒葡萄和葡萄酒,促进水土保持与经济效益的有机结合,实现农民增收、农业增效具有重要作用。

Response of Wine Grape to Water-fertilizer Integration in the Alluvial Sector at Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia

According to the requirements of organic agricultural production, through field experiment, we studied the effects of organic drip irrigation on the yield, quality of wine grape, as well as the soil chemical and biological properties of vineyard in the alluvial fan area at eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia. And the way of high-efficiency utilization of water and fertilizer in barren coarse bone gray ash soil developed from parent material of high mountain in semi-arid area was explored. The results showed that the yield and quality of wine grape treated with different amounts of organic drip irrigation were significantly different (p<0.05), and the yield of the treatment of 3.6 t/hm² was the highest, which was 8.29 t/hm². T_4.5 treatment had the heaviest single fruit and the largest fruit grain. Compared with CK, 3.6 t/hm² treatment significantly increased the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar, total phenols and anthocyanins in wine grape (p<0.05). The analysis of the relationship between wine grape quality index and fertilization treatment showed that 3.6 t/hm² treatment had the highest score. In 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers, soil organic matter, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other chemical properties as well as biological indicators such as urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, catalase and so on all increased with the increasing of fertilization amount, and 4.5 t/hm² treatment had the maximum value (p<0.05). The results of this study were great importance to the efficient utilization of limited soil and water resources in the ecologically fragile area of the Helan Mountain alluvial fan area in Ningxia, the production of the most high-end organic wine grape and wine, promote the organic combination of soil and water conservation and economic benefits, and the increase of farmers'' income and agricultural efficiency.