生产建设项目弃土弃渣特性及资源化利用潜力评价

20世纪以来,我国经济进入了蓬勃发展阶段,各类建设项目大量开展,加剧了人、地、资源之间的矛盾。生产建设项目弃土弃渣尤其是土石混合堆弃体不合理处置,不仅浪费大量的土(石)资源,还侵占大量土地,造成环境污染,甚至导致滑坡、泥石流等灾害。目前,我国正大力推行生态文明建设,土壤污染防治行动计划、无废城市建设试点工程等陆续开展,弃土弃渣资源化利用更是水土保持法的明确要求,因此开展弃土弃渣特性分析及资源化利用潜力评价具有重要的意义。以现有资料为基础,预测我国目前已有的弃土弃渣量已接近400亿t;弃土弃渣的物质组成主要是土、砂和石块,实现资源化利用的方法、材料更易实现且成本低,更具资源化利用潜力。目前为止,针对弃土弃渣的管理和研究主要是从政策方面制定指导意见,对于实现资源化利用的途径、方法及潜力评价等方面的研究仍较薄弱。研究从弃土弃渣类型、现状、物质组成及利用潜力评价等方面总结分析,指明以土石混合为主的弃土弃渣实现资源化利用的重要性及可行性,为生产建设单位及相关行政管理部门切实有效减少弃土弃渣产生及实现资源化再利用提供科学指导。

Evaluation of Characteristics and Resource Utilization Potential of Residues in Production and Construction Projects

The economy of China has been developing very fast since the 20th century, and large numbers of construction projects have been carried out, which have intensified the contradiction among people, land, and resources. Unreasonable disposal and dumping of residues in development construction projects not only wastes a lot of soil and stone resources, but also invades a large amount of land. At this situation, environmental pollution and disasters are usually induced. China is vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization at present. The action plan for soil pollution prevention-control and the pilot project of waste free city construction have been carried out successively. The resource utilization of residues is an important content of the soil and water conservation law, so characteristic analysis and evaluation of resource utilization potential are of great significance. Based on the available data, it is predicted that the amount of residues currently available in China is close to 40 billion tons. Because of the material composition of residues are mainly soil, sand and stone, the methods and materials for resource utilization are easier to realize and low in cost, and have the potential for resource utilization. However, so far, the management and research on residues is mainly based on policy guidance. The methods, materials, and potential evaluation of residues to achieve resource utilization are still weak. This paper summarized and analyzed the types, material composition, and utilization potential of residues, and further points out the importance and feasibility of residues resource utilization. This research could provide scientific guidance for production and construction units and relevant administrative departments to effectively reduce the occurrence of residues and realize resource utilization.