亏缺灌溉与有机肥结合对夏玉米水分及产量影响

为了解减少灌水量和尿素对夏玉米产量和水分的影响。通过田间试验,以夏玉米为研究对象,选取课题组研发的有机质含量高、保水性能强的有机肥,结合2个水平的灌溉(充分灌溉W1和亏缺灌溉W2),采用等氮的原则,对有机肥与无机肥混施(F1:100%无机化肥;F2:24%有机肥+76%无机化肥;F3:48%有机肥+52%无机化肥),研究灌水量与有机无机肥对夏玉米水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明:与F1处理相比,在充分灌溉(W1)条件下,F2和F3处理的籽粒产量提高4.8%~6.3%;亏缺灌溉(W2)条件下,有机肥处理的籽粒产量提高1.8%~2.3%。在相同灌溉水平下,有机肥处理显著提高收获时土壤贮水量,为冬小麦发芽和生长提供一定的湿度。施有机肥处理对三叶期和小喇叭口期株高有显著影响,而对其他生育期株高影响不显著。亏缺灌溉(W2)和施有机肥(F2)的处理产量较好,是夏玉米种植管理中的一个有效方案。这种灌溉施肥管理可为关中平原及环境相似地区提供科学依据。

Effect of Deficit Irrigation Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Water Content and Yield of Summer Maize

A field experiment was conducted to understand the effect of reducing irrigation amount and urea on summer maize yield and soil water, taking summer maize as the research object in Yangling of Shaanxi Province. The organic fertilizer with high organic matter content and strong water retention performance developed by the research group was selected, combined with two levels of irrigation (full irrigation W1 and deficit irrigation W2). According to the principle of equal nitrogen, the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were mixed with different ratios (F1:100% inorganic fertilizer, F2:24% organic fertilizer+76% inorganic fertilizer and F3:48% organic fertilizer+52% inorganic fertilizer), and the effects of irrigation amount and organic and inorganic fertilizers on water use efficiency and yield of summer maize were studied. The results showed that under W1, the grain yields of F2 and F3 treatments increased by 4.8%~6.3% compared with F1; under W2, the grain yield of organic fertilizer treatment increased by 1.8%~2.3%. Under the same irrigation level, organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil water storage at harvest stage (P<0.05), providing a certain humidity for winter wheat germination and growth. The application of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the plant height at the three-leaf stage and the small trumpet stage, but had no significant effect on the plant height at other stages. The results of this study showed that the treatment of deficit irrigation (W2) and organic fertilizer (F2) was better, which was an effective scheme for summer maize planting. This findings could provide a scientific basis for the optimal management of irrigation and fertilization in the Guanzhong Plain and other similar areas.