Fabrication and characterization of wheat gliadin hydrogels with high strength and toughness |
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| Institution: | 1. Biopolymers and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;2. Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France;2. UMR IATE, UM2-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34070 Montpellier, France;1. Polymer Chemistry and Materials Division, KU Leuven, Chemistry Department, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU, Leuven;1. ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Campus Univ. 16, 36310 Vigo, Spain;2. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Packaging Group, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;1. Departamento de Química-INQUISUR, Universidad Nacional del Su- CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina;2. Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad-201206, Uttar Pradesh, India;3. Department of Pharmacology, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad-201206, Uttar Pradesh, India;4. Department of Pharmacognosy, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad-201206, Uttar Pradesh, India |
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| Abstract: | Fabricating a hydrogel with high strength and toughness is still a challenge in many fields. Here, we prepared gliadin-based hydrogels by chemical cross-linking gliadin in acetic acid solution (GS) with glutaraldehyde (GA). Subsequently, the overall properties of the fabricated hydrogels were systematically investigated in terms of their mechanical properties, swelling ratio, weight loss, thermal stability, and the chemical/physical interactions in hydrogels. Results showed that the gliadin-based chemically cross-linked hydrogels exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The optimized hydrogel exhibited the compressive stress of 1.8 MPa at a strain of 70%, and an excellent self-recovery property after 30 cycles of loading-unloading treatments. The strength and toughness of the hydrogels could be tailored by adjusting the ratio of GS/GA. The chemical cross-linking (aldehyde-ammonia reaction) was the main molecular interaction in the hydrogels, including single-/multi-site crosslinking, and the hydrogen bond was the only physical cross-linking in the hydrogels. Moreover, the swelling ratio of the fabricated hydrogels performed a concentration negative-dependency in GA or GS concentration. And a higher GS concentration (40%) with an appropriate GA content (3.0%) could resist the degradation of hydrogels. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of hydrogels also improved by the GA addition. Overall, these findings suggested that gliadin can be applied for fabricating hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, which will unlock the high-utilization of gliadin as biopolymer and biocompatible materials. |
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| Keywords: | Gliadin Hydrogel Chemical cross-linking Loading-unloading test Mechanical properties |
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